转载:探究ReactiveCocoa 底层KVO封装流程

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一、对比原生KVO,初识ReactiveCocoa的KVO


我们先来看一段代码,通过触屏来动态修改视图背景色

@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong)UIColor * bgColor;
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.

    //1/Normal KVO
    [self normalKVO];

    //2/RACKVO
    [self racObserver];
}

#pragma mark normalKVO
- (void)normalKVO {
    [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"bgColor" options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew) context:nil];
}

- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
    self.view.backgroundColor = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];;
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"bgColor"];
}

#pragma mark racKVO
- (void)racObserver {
    [RACObserve(self, bgColor) subscribeNext:^(id  _Nullable x) {
        self.view.backgroundColor = (UIColor *)x;
    }];
}

#pragma mark touch change

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    CGFloat red = arc4random() % 256 / 255.0;
    CGFloat blue = arc4random() % 256 / 255.0;
    CGFloat green = arc4random() % 256 / 255.0;

    UIColor * randomColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:red green:green blue:blue alpha:1];
    self.bgColor = randomColor;
}

@end

从上面步骤我们可以看出原生的KVO使用分为三个步骤:

  1. 添加监听
  2. 实现监听的代理方法
  3. 移除监听

但是RACKVO只是用了非常简单的一段代码就实现了以上的这三个步骤,去掉了胶水代码,真正的做到了面向业务开发,那它是怎么实现的呢,接下来我们来一层层分析

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二、深入RAC底层逐层探究KVO实现


  1. 点击RACObserver找到这个宏
#define _RACObserve(TARGET, KEYPATH) \
({ \
    __weak id target_ = (TARGET); \
    [target_ rac_valuesForKeyPath:@keypath(TARGET, KEYPATH) observer:self]; \
})

继续点进去, 我们会进入NSObject+RACPropertySubscribing.m文件下的


- (RACSignal *)rac_valuesAndChangesForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options observer:(__weak NSObject *)weakObserver {
    NSObject *strongObserver = weakObserver;
    keyPath = [keyPath copy];

    NSRecursiveLock *objectLock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
    objectLock.name = @"org.reactivecocoa.ReactiveObjC.NSObjectRACPropertySubscribing";

    __weak NSObject *weakSelf = self;

    RACSignal *deallocSignal = [[RACSignal
        zip:@[
            self.rac_willDeallocSignal,
            strongObserver.rac_willDeallocSignal ?: [RACSignal never]
        ]]
        doCompleted:^{

            [objectLock lock];
            @onExit {
                [objectLock unlock];
            };
        }];

    return [[[RACSignal
        createSignal:^ RACDisposable * (id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {

            [objectLock lock];

            @onExit {
                [objectLock unlock];
            };

            __strong NSObject *observer __attribute__((objc_precise_lifetime)) = weakObserver;
            __strong NSObject *self __attribute__((objc_precise_lifetime)) = weakSelf;

            if (self == nil) {
                [subscriber sendCompleted];
                return nil;
            }

            return [self rac_observeKeyPath:keyPath options:options observer:observer block:^(id value, NSDictionary *change, BOOL causedByDealloc, BOOL affectedOnlyLastComponent) {
                [subscriber sendNext:RACTuplePack(value, change)];
            }];
        }]
        takeUntil:deallocSignal]
        setNameWithFormat:@"%@ -rac_valueAndChangesForKeyPath: %@ options: %lu observer: %@", RACDescription(self), keyPath, (unsigned long)options, RACDescription(strongObserver)];
}

我们会发现其中有一个deallocSignal,见名知意,我们先猜这个信号大概是在delloc的时候调用的,至于怎么调用的我们搁在一边;重点来了,return这段代码是重点,我们能够从中发现return的是一个信号RACSignal对象,并且这个signal有一个依赖前提:takeUntil:deallocSignal,KVO取值会一直取到VC释放,当这个VC释放之后,也就没有必要去取值了,也就是说deallocSignal这个信号在VC释放之前会一直执行,VC释放之后功能也会跟着失效,这里我们可以猜出,RACKVO封装思路中,最后一步的释放时机应该是在这里。

好,我们接着分析中间部分的代码,可以看出的是,万物皆信号---RACKVO使用了信号量来处理监听,结合之前信号量生命周期(传送门https://www.jianshu.com/p/bd4fff21d9b7),此处创建了信号,然后把这个信号return了出去,在外面subscribeNext订阅信号,外面订阅信号并同时调用了初始化保存的这个block代码块,代码块里进行completed操作取消订阅,取消订阅之前,在一个这样的代码块中做了订阅者的sendNext操作,这样信号量的生命周期是完整的,但是我们的KVO操作到现在还没有看见,那么只可能在这步操作隐藏了封装的内容

[self rac_observeKeyPath:keyPath options:options observer:observer block:^(id value, NSDictionary *change, BOOL causedByDealloc, BOOL affectedOnlyLastComponent) {
                [subscriber sendNext:RACTuplePack(value, change)];
            }];

也就是return的这部分代码,我们接下来继续分析这部分代码:通过订阅信号时保存的sendNext代码块,把监听到的change值传出去,也就是我们在VC那一个block的调用部分, 重点来了: 点击进去我们能够看到一段很长的代码,前面的一大堆处理略过,来看重点部分,


RACKVOTrampoline *trampoline = [[RACKVOTrampoline alloc] initWithTarget:self observer:strongObserver keyPath:keyPathHead options:trampolineOptions block:^(id trampolineTarget, id trampolineObserver, NSDictionary *change) {

        if ([change[NSKeyValueChangeNotificationIsPriorKey] boolValue]) {
            [firstComponentDisposable() dispose];

            if ((options & NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior) != 0) {
                block([trampolineTarget valueForKeyPath:keyPath], change, NO, keyPathHasOneComponent);
            }

            return;
        }

        if (value == nil) {
            block(nil, change, NO, keyPathHasOneComponent);
            return;
        }

        RACDisposable *oldFirstComponentDisposable = [firstComponentSerialDisposable swapInDisposable:[RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable]];
        [oldFirstComponentDisposable dispose];

        addDeallocObserverToPropertyValue(value);

        if (keyPathHasOneComponent) {
            block(value, change, NO, keyPathHasOneComponent);
            return;
        }

        addObserverToValue(value);
        block([value valueForKeyPath:keyPathTail], change, NO, keyPathHasOneComponent);
    }];
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------

    NSObject *value = [self valueForKey:keyPathHead];
    if (value != nil) {
        addDeallocObserverToPropertyValue(value);

        if (!keyPathHasOneComponent) {
            addObserverToValue(value);
        }
    }

    if ((options & NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial) != 0) {
        id initialValue = [self valueForKeyPath:keyPath];
        NSDictionary *initialChange = @{
            NSKeyValueChangeKindKey: @(NSKeyValueChangeSetting),
            NSKeyValueChangeNewKey: initialValue ?: NSNull.null,
        };
        block(initialValue, initialChange, NO, keyPathHasOneComponent);
    }

    RACCompoundDisposable *observerDisposable = strongObserver.rac_deallocDisposable;
    RACCompoundDisposable *selfDisposable = self.rac_deallocDisposable;

    [observerDisposable addDisposable:disposable];
    [selfDisposable addDisposable:disposable];

    return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{
        [disposable dispose];
        [observerDisposable removeDisposable:disposable];
        [selfDisposable removeDisposable:disposable];
    }];

上面一部分代码可以按分割线分成上下两部,可以看出上部分是KVO实现监听的部分,下面一部分是处理销毁的逻辑。

我们先分析监听上部分这段代码的逻辑,上面这段代码块还是只做中间层传值,RAC又封装了一个中间层对象RACKVOTrampoline,并且由这个对象实现了KVO的监听。点击就进入了RACKVOTrampoline对象的.m实现文件,下面是这个.m的全部代码,这部分代码的解析我直接写在代码中便于分析:

#import "RACKVOTrampoline.h"
#import "NSObject+RACDeallocating.h"
#import "RACCompoundDisposable.h"
#import "RACKVOProxy.h"

@interface RACKVOTrampoline ()

@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *keyPath;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) RACKVOBlock block;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, unsafe_unretained) NSObject *unsafeTarget;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, weak) NSObject *weakTarget;
@property (nonatomic, readonly, weak) NSObject *observer;

@end

@implementation RACKVOTrampoline

#pragma mark Lifecycle

- (instancetype)initWithTarget:(__weak NSObject *)target observer:(__weak NSObject *)observer keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options block:(RACKVOBlock)block {
    NSCParameterAssert(keyPath != nil);
    NSCParameterAssert(block != nil);

    NSObject *strongTarget = target;
    if (strongTarget == nil) return nil;

    self = [super init];

    _keyPath = [keyPath copy];

    _block = [block copy];
    _weakTarget = target;
    _unsafeTarget = strongTarget;
    _observer = observer;

    ////1.此处是系统原生的的KVO方法,添加监听,RAC又做了额外的处理,又封装了一个单例中间层对象RACKVOProxy,把当前的vc和keypath,并由RACKVOProxy来监听RACKVOTrampoline的keyPath属性,相当于把代理移交给了这个RACKVOProxy单例中间层对象

    [RACKVOProxy.sharedProxy addObserver:self forContext:(__bridge void *)self];

    [strongTarget addObserver:RACKVOProxy.sharedProxy forKeyPath:self.keyPath options:options context:(__bridge void *)self];

    [strongTarget.rac_deallocDisposable addDisposable:self];
    [self.observer.rac_deallocDisposable addDisposable:self];

    return self;
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self dispose];
}

#pragma mark Observation

//3/释放代码,当前RACKVOTrampoline对象在销毁的时候,会进行移除单例中间层监听对象RACKVOProxy,这里通过信号量生命周期分析得出,信号在销毁的时候,会调用这个dispose,然后取消信号的调用同时取消监听移除RACKVOProxy代理者
- (void)dispose {
    NSObject *target;
    NSObject *observer;

    @synchronized (self) {
        _block = nil;

        // The target should still exist at this point, because we still need to
        // tear down its KVO observation. Therefore, we can use the unsafe
        // reference (and need to, because the weak one will have been zeroed by
        // now).
        target = self.unsafeTarget;
        observer = self.observer;

        _unsafeTarget = nil;
        _observer = nil;
    }

    [target.rac_deallocDisposable removeDisposable:self];
    [observer.rac_deallocDisposable removeDisposable:self];

    [target removeObserver:RACKVOProxy.sharedProxy forKeyPath:self.keyPath context:(__bridge void *)self];
    [RACKVOProxy.sharedProxy removeObserver:self forContext:(__bridge void *)self];
}

//2、此处是系统原生的KVO代理实现,并且通过Block把KVO监听到的值传出去- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context {
    if (context != (__bridge void *)self) {
        [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
        return;
    }

    RACKVOBlock block;
    id observer;
    id target;

    @synchronized (self) {
        block = self.block;
        observer = self.observer;
        target = self.weakTarget;
    }

   //在传出值得做了判断,target不存在的时候,就不传值出去了。否则就把改变的值传出去,通过三次的block代码块回传,传到VC的subscribeNext订阅保存的代码块里,供开发者使用!

    if (block == nil || target == nil) return;

    block(target, observer, change);
}

@end

这样一来,整个流程就很清楚了,RACKVO的设计,首先是集成RACDisposable的子类RACKVOTrampoline,把要监听的对象和keyPath传入封装的信号的子类,实现原生KVO监听,并且考虑到了整体架构的灵活度,又实现了RACKVOProxy类来移交监听,在RACKVOTrampoline系统KVO代理中,利用代码块把改变的值,通过订阅信号时保存的block传出去,在开发者层面上,我们只能看到逻辑紧凑并且简单易用的使用部分。

设计者设计的时候,实现了很多NSObject的分类,但是并不是提供给所有对象使用的,这就是中间层变量的好处了,通过中间层对象单独实现这些分类,整个框架和思路灵活度非常高,代码没有耦合部分,这也是我们需要学习的细节,以后我们在架构项目和设计项目的时候,可以利用这种中间层变量的思想,既能解耦代码,灵活度又非常高,这也是一个好的架构师必备的技能思想。

最后再来顺便瞅瞅RACProxy: 下面是对RACProxy代码部分的分析,主要是初始化了一个表,把observer和context以keyValue的形式存在表里,然后添加的时候设置到表里,移除的时候用key移除,这样PACProxy这个中间层的使用就很灵活,能用于RAC的任何类,可以做到多重自由使用并且利用中间层设计完全可以避免循环引用问题

#import "RACKVOProxy.h"

@interface RACKVOProxy()

@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSMapTable *trampolines;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) dispatch_queue_t queue;

@end

@implementation RACKVOProxy

+ (instancetype)sharedProxy {
    static RACKVOProxy *proxy;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;

    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        proxy = [[self alloc] init];
    });

    return proxy;
}

- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];

    _queue = dispatch_queue_create("org.reactivecocoa.ReactiveObjC.RACKVOProxy", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    _trampolines = [NSMapTable strongToWeakObjectsMapTable];

    return self;
}

- (void)addObserver:(__weak NSObject *)observer forContext:(void *)context {
    NSValue *valueContext = [NSValue valueWithPointer:context];

    dispatch_sync(self.queue, ^{
        [self.trampolines setObject:observer forKey:valueContext];
    });
}

- (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forContext:(void *)context {
    NSValue *valueContext = [NSValue valueWithPointer:context];

    dispatch_sync(self.queue, ^{
        [self.trampolines removeObjectForKey:valueContext];
    });
}

- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context {
    NSValue *valueContext = [NSValue valueWithPointer:context];
    __block NSObject *trueObserver;

    dispatch_sync(self.queue, ^{
        trueObserver = [self.trampolines objectForKey:valueContext];
    });

    if (trueObserver != nil) {
        [trueObserver observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:context];
    }
}

@end

下面是整个RACKVO设计思路总结图,调来调去,花了我整整一下午时间(=@__@=)

原文地址:www.jianshu.com/p/51758229b…