通过spines命令移动横纵坐标轴
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.linspace(-3,3,50)
y1=2*x+1
y2=x**2
plt.figure(num=3,figsize=(5,6))
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.plot(x,y1,color='red',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')
plt.xlim((-1,2))
plt.ylim((-2,3))
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.xticks(np.linspace(-1,2,5))
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,0,1.5,3],\
[r'$really\ bad$',r'$bad$',r'$normal$',r'$good$',r'$perfect$'])
ax=plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0 ))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.show()