SpringDataJpa报TransactionRequiredException异常

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问题描述

在代码中利用Jpa自定义了update语句,比如下面的addAge方法:

@Repository
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer> {

    @Query(value = "update tb_student set age = age + 1 where 1 = 1 ", nativeQuery = true)
    @Modifying
    void addAge();

}

执行此方法时,会报如下错误:

javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query
    at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSharedSessionContract.checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation(AbstractSharedSessionContract.java:398) ~[hibernate-core-5.3.11.Final.jar:5.3.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.query.internal.AbstractProducedQuery.executeUpdate(AbstractProducedQuery.java:1581) ~[hibernate-core-5.3.11.Final.jar:5.3.11.Final]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryExecution$ModifyingExecution.doExecute(JpaQueryExecution.java:263) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.1.10.RELEASE.jar:2.1.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.JpaQueryExecution.execute(JpaQueryExecution.java:91) ~[spring-data-jpa-2.1.10.RELEASE.jar:2.1.10.RELEASE]

抛出javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query 异常

原因分析

我们根据异常中的这句话

at org.hibernate.query.internal.AbstractProducedQuery.executeUpdate(AbstractProducedQuery.java:1581)

找到了AbstractProducedQuery中的executeUpdate方法:

public int executeUpdate() throws HibernateException {
    getProducer().checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation( "Executing an update/delete query" );
    beforeQuery();
    try {
        return doExecuteUpdate();
    }
    catch ( QueryExecutionRequestException e) {
    	throw new IllegalStateException( e );
    }
    catch( TypeMismatchException e ) {
    	throw new IllegalArgumentException( e );
    }
    catch ( HibernateException e) {
    	throw getExceptionConverter().convert( e );
    }
    finally {
    	afterQuery();
    }
}

进入第一句话的checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation方法:

default void checkTransactionNeededForUpdateOperation(String exceptionMessage) {
    if ( !isTransactionInProgress() ) {
	throw new TransactionRequiredException( exceptionMessage );
    }
}

可以看到,在执行update语句前,JPA会判断当前语句是不是处于一个事务中,若不在事务中,则会抛出TransactionRequiredException异常。

问题解决

根据以上分析,要解决这个问题很简单,让代码运行在事务中即可。在要执行的addAge方法上面加上@Transactional注解,问题解决~

@Query(value = "update tb_student set age = age + 1 where 1 = 1 ", nativeQuery = true)
@Modifying
@Transactional
void addAge();