安装前奏
1：去官网下载 5.7或以上版本的mysql tar.gz包
下载地址： link
2：使用root在Linux下创建 mysql用户及用户组
2.1：创建组
[root@localhost]# groupadd mysql
2.2: 创建用户并加入到组中
[root@localhost]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
2.3: 禁止mysql用户登录系统（可选 防止别人使用mysql用户登录到主机）
[root@localhost]# usermod -s /bin/false mysql
3: 将下载好的包放入到 /opt/mysql/ 下（目录按自己的喜好存储）
3.1：解压文件
[root@localhost]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3.2: 修改解压好的目录命名
[root@localhost]# mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.21
3.3: 更改目录所属的用户和组
[root@localhost]# chown -R mysql mysql/
[root@localhost]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/
开始安装Mysql
- 进入到 /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/support-files 目录下，查看是否有 my_default.cnf 如果没有执行1.1的步骤：
1.1. 在support-files目录下创建 my_default.cnf 文件
[root@localhost]# mkdir my_default.cnf
1.2. 将以下内容复制到文件中
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
#skip-grant-tables #跳过登录验证
#innodb_force_recovery=1
basedir = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/
datadir = /opt/mysql/data/
port = 3306
server_id = 1
socket = /opt/mysql/mysql.sock
language = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/share/english
#log-bin = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#general_log = 1
#general_log_file = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/logs/query.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/logs/slow-query.log
long-query_time = 2
log-error = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/logs/error.log
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
- 将该文件移到/etc/目录下并改名
1: mysql 启动默认读取/etc/my.cnf配置文件,使用命令将文件挪到该目录
[root@localhost support-files]# mv my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
- 将/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/supprot-files/mysql.server 移动到 /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost]# mv /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/supprot-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
4.创建mysql的数据存储目录以及日志目录
1：创建data目录
[root@localhost]# mkdir /opt/mysql/data
2: 创建日志目录及日志文件，如果不创建启动会报错
[root@localhost]# mkdir /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/logs
[root@localhost]# touch /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/logs/error.log
- 配置 my.cnf 文件
1：修改 my.cnf
[root@localhost etc]# vi /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21（mysql安装目录）
datadir = /opt/mysql/data (上一步创建的data路径)
socket = /opt/mysql/mysql.sock （该文件会自动创建在你指定的位置）
log*的配置：只需要改一些log存放的路径，上一步已经创建了logs目录，把所以关于log的路径都指向 /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/logs目录
- 一切就绪准备安装服务
1：进入到Mysql bin目录下执行命令
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.21/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/
如果上不没有ERROR 就表示安装成功
7：启动服务
进入到 /etc/init.d/下执行启动命令： [root@localhost init.d] ./mysqld start
执行完毕看到 Mysql Start SUCCESS 表示成功
8：连接到mysql服务端
1. 进入到mysql bin目录下执行命令
[root@localhost bin] ./mysql -uroot -p
输入密码即可连接
9： 忘记了root密码
1. 先停止已启动服务
[root@localhost init.d] ./mysqld stop
2. 修改my.cnf文件
[root@localhost etc] vi my.cnf
加入一行：skip-grant-tables #跳过登录验证
3. 重启mysql服务 ./mysqld start
4. bin目录下连接mysql : ./mysql
5. mysql登录上后修改root密码 ，因为5.7以上版本没有了password字段，执行一下sql修改密码：
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root1234') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;
6:将my.cnf加上的跳过验证删除，然后在重启mysql服务。至此，mysql安装完成
