View的工作流程
View的工作流程,就是measure、layout和draw。measure用来测量View的宽高,layout用来确定View的位置,draw则用来绘制View。这里measure较为复杂主要分析一下,measure流程分为View的measure流程和ViewGroup的measure流程,只不过ViewGroup的measure流程除了要完成自己的测量还要遍历去调用子元素的measure()方法。
View的测量
先来看看onMeasure()方法(View.java):
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}在这之前还有个measure()方法直接调用的上面的onMeasure()方法,这里measure()呗final修饰所以无法重新所以主要看看onMeasure()里的setMeasuredDimension()方法:
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
}大概意思是用来设置View的宽高的,接下来在看看getDefaultSize()方法处理了什么:
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}specMode是View的测量模式,而specSize是View的测量大小,看到这里我们有必要先说说MeasureSpec:
MeasureSpec类帮助我们来测量View,它是一个32位的int值,高两位为specMode (测量的模式),低30位为specSize (测量的大小),测量模式分为三种:
UNSPECIFIED:未指定模式,View想多大就多大,父容器不做限制,一般用于系统内部的测量。
AT_MOST:最大模式,对应于wrap_comtent属性,只要尺寸不超过父控件允许的最大尺寸就行。
EXACTLY:精确模式,对应于match_parent属性和具体的数值,父容器测量出View所需要的大小,也就是specSize的值。
让我们回头看看getDefaultSize()方法,很显然在AT_MOST和EXACTLY模式下,都返回specSize这个值,也就是View测量后的大小,而在UNSPECIFIED模式返回的是getDefaultSize()方法的第一次个参数的值,这第一个参数从onMeasure()方法来看是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法和getSuggestedMinimumHeight()得到的,那我们来看看getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法做了什么,我们只需要弄懂getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法,因为这两个方法原理是一样的:
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}很明了,如果View没有设置背景则取值为mMinWidth,如果View设置了背景在取值为max(mMinWidth,mBackground.getMinimumWidth()),取值mMinWidth和mBackground.getMinimumWidth()的最大值,mMinWidth是可以设置的,它对应于android:minWidth这个属性设置的值或者View的setMinimumWidth的值,如果不指定的话则默认为0,mBackground.getMinimumWidth(),这个mBackground是Drawable类型的,看一下Drawable类的getMinimumWidth()方法(Drawable.java):
public int getMinimumWidth() {
final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
}intrinsicWidth得到的是这个Drawable的固有的宽度,如果固有宽度大于0则返回固有宽度,否则返回0。
综上:getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法就是:如果View没有设置背景则返回mMinWidth ,如果设置了背景就返回mMinWidth 和Drawable最小宽度两个值的最大值。
ViewGroup的测量
讲完了View的measure流程,接下来看看ViewGroup的measure流程,对于ViewGroup,它不只要measure自己本身,还要遍历的调用子元素的measure()方法,ViewGroup中没有定义onMeasure()方,但他定义了measureChildren()方法,在我们自己实现onMeasure时可以调用它,也可以不调用(一般测量孩子都调用他),相当于一个模板。在线性布局、相对布局等中都有实现,稍后分析。(ViewGroup.java):
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}很简单,遍历孩子,调用measureChild,内部再让孩子去measure,于是就到了View的测量。这里getChildMeasureSpec()方法里写了什么呢?点击去看看:
//三个参数分别是
//1.父View的measurespec
//2.父View已经占用的尺寸,也就是孩子不能使用的(这个是父View的padding+孩子的margin)
//3.子view的width(MATCH_PARENT、WARP_CONTENT、具体数值)
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
//父容器的可用尺寸(去掉了padding),如果是负的,那就是0
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
//父容器自己是精确的模式,也就是可以确定父容器的尺寸了(要嘛是具体数值,要嘛是父亲的父亲的宽度,反正是确定的)
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
//孩子的尺寸是具体数值(大于等于0就是具体数值)
if (childDimension >= 0) {
//如下
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
//孩子是MATCH_PARENT
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
//孩子是包裹内容
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can not be
// bigger than us.
//孩子是包裹内容,那么孩子的测量模式就是AT_MOST,并且此时size的含义就是孩子最大可能的尺寸,而不是孩子的具体尺寸了
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
//父亲是AT_MOST,说明父亲的尺寸不确定,但是父亲最大不能超过某个数值,这个数值是已知了
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
//孩子是具体数值,那孩子就像下面那样,精确模式、具体尺寸
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
//孩子是MATCH_PARENT,那么孩子不是精确的,但是孩子可以确定他最大尺寸,那就是父亲的最大尺寸,模式是AT_MOST
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
//孩子是包裹内容,那么孩子的尺寸也是不可以定的,但是最大值是知道的,不能超过父亲的最大尺寸,如下。。
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can not be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
//这种情况
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}很显然这是根据父容器的MeasureSpec的模式再结合子元素的LayoutParams属性来得出子元素的MeasureSpec属性。
LinearLayout的measure流程
ViewGroup并没有提供onMeasure()方法,而是让其子类来各自实现测量的方法,究其原因就是ViewGroup有不同的布局的需要很难统一,接下来我们来简单分析一下ViewGroup的子类LinearLayout的measure流程,先来看看它的onMeasure()方法(LinearLayout.java):
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
} else {
measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}两个方法实现大同小异,这里看下垂直measureVertical()方法的部分源码:
void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
mTotalLength = 0;
mTotalLength = 0;
...
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
continue;
}
if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
continue;
}
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;
}
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
totalWeight += lp.weight;
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {
// Optimization: don not bother measuring children who are going to use
// leftover space. These views will get measured again down below if
// there is any leftover space.
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
skippedMeasure = true;
} else {
int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {
// heightMode is either UNSPECIFIED or AT_MOST, and this
// child wanted to stretch to fill available space.
// Translate that to WRAP_CONTENT so that it does not end up
// with a height of 0
oldHeight = 0;
lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
}
// Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or
// previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to
// use all available space (and we will shrink things later
// if needed).
measureChildBeforeLayout(
child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,
totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);
if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
lp.height = oldHeight;
}
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
...
if (useLargestChild &&
(heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) {
mTotalLength = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
continue;
}
if (child.getVisibility() == GONE) {
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
continue;
}
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)
child.getLayoutParams();
// Account for negative margins
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + largestChildHeight +
lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
}
}
// Add in our padding
mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
int heightSize = mTotalLength;
// Check against our minimum height大致意思就是定义了mTotalLength用来存储LinearLayout在垂直方向的高度,然后遍历子元素,根据子元素的MeasureSpec模式分别计算每个子元素的高度,如果是wrap_content则将每个子元素的高度和margin垂直高度等值相加并赋值给mTotalLength得出整个LinearLayout的高度。如果布局高度设置为match_parent者具体数值则和View的测量方法一样。
Layout
layout方法用来决定View自身的位置,在layout中调用了onLayout方法,这个方法没有具体的实现,需要子类自己实现,主要是为了决定子View的位置
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
//设置自身的位置
boolean changed = setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_LAYOUT);
}
//调用onLayout,具体的实现都不一样
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
mPrivateFlags &= ~LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
if (mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>) mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
}
}
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~FORCE_LAYOUT;
}在Linearlayout中,onLayout中主要就是遍历孩子,然后调用setChildFrame方法,这个方法内部就是调用child的layout方法,所以又回到了上面那一步。
Draw
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
// we're done...
return;
}
// Step 2, save the canvas' layers
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
}看注释可知,View的draw过程主要有以下几步:
画背景
画内容
画孩子
画装饰
draw是通过dispatchDraw将绘画分发给孩子的
有个方法是setWillNotDraw(),可以设置当前view不绘制内容,一般继承自ViewGroup,并且确保自身不需要绘制,就设为true,可以优化。默认为false。
自定义view
自定义view这块就大概说一下注意事项,具体不展开。如果你想深入了解这里强烈推荐一下凯哥的自定义View系列 HenCoder:给高级 Android 工程师的进阶手册,如果还没看过你就out了, 良心巨作,现在好像都开始着手准备国际化了推向国外了,凯哥(扔物线)的“关注我就能达到大师级水平,这话我终于敢说了”可不是盖的。
继承自View的自定义View
在onMeasure中处理wrap_parent
在onDraw中处理padding
自定义xml属性,文件名字不一定要交attrs。自定义属性获取完数据之后记得调用recycle。继承自ViewGroup的自定义View
- 在onMeasure中调用measureChildren测量孩子(也可以自己写逻辑),然后分析自己的measurespec,最后调用setMeasuredDimension
onLayout中根据测量宽高,遍历孩子,为其布局。
这里最后放一张HenCoder:给高级 Android 工程师的进阶手册的微信公众号的图片,感谢大神的无私奉献~~~