前言
同样一个功能,可以用很多方法来实现,有时候由于项目时间紧张,导致很多时候只是实现了功能,往往忽视了代码质量。下面几种代码重构方法,以便大家可以写出更漂亮的代码。本文内容是我的读书笔记,摘自《Javascript设计模式与开发》。
一,提炼函数
var getUserInfo = function(){
ajax( 'http:// xxx.com/userInfo', function( data ){
console.log( 'userId: ' + data.userId );
console.log( 'userName: ' + data.userName );
console.log( 'nickName: ' + data.nickName );
})
})
// 重构后
var getUserInfo = function(){
ajax( 'http:// xxx.com/userInfo', function( data ){
printDetails( data ); });
};
var printDetails = function( data ){
console.log( 'userId: ' + data.userId );
console.log( 'userName: ' + data.userName );
console.log( 'nickName: ' + data.nickName );
};
二,合并重复的条件片段
var paging = function( currPage ){
if ( currPage <= 0 ){
currPage = 0;
jump( currPage );
}else if ( currPage >= totalPage ){
currPage = totalPage;
jump( currPage );
}else{
jump( currPage );
}
}
// 重构后,把重复函数独立出来
var paging = function( currPage ){
if ( currPage <= 0 ){
currPage = 0;
}else if ( currPage >= totalPage ){
currPage = totalPage;
}
jump( currPage );
};
三,把条件分支语句提炼成函数
var getPrice = function( price ){
var date = new Date();
if ( date.getMonth() >= 6 && date.getMonth() <= 9 ){
return price * 0.8;
}
return price;
};
// 重构后,改成能够理解的函数
var isSummer = function(){
var date = new Date();
return date.getMonth() >= 6 && date.getMonth() <= 9;
};
var getPrice = function( price ){
if ( isSummer() ){
return price * 0.8;
}
return price;
};
四,合理使用循环
var createXHR = function(){
var xhr;
try{
xhr = new ActiveXObject( 'MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0' );
}catch(e){
try{
xhr = new ActiveXObject( 'MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0' );
}catch(e){
xhr = new ActiveXObject( 'MSXML2.XMLHttp' );
}
}
return xhr;
};
var xhr = createXHR();
// 重构后,使用遍历更简洁
var createXHR = function(){
var versions= [ 'MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0ddd', 'MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHttp' ];
for ( var i = 0, version; version = versions[ i++ ]; ){
try{
return new ActiveXObject( version );
}catch(e){
// ...
}
}
};
var xhr = createXHR();
五,提前让函数退出代替嵌套条件分支
var del = function( obj ){
var ret;
if ( !obj.isReadOnly ){
if ( obj.isFolder ){
ret = deleteFolder( obj );
}else if ( obj.isFile ){
ret = deleteFile( obj );
}
}
return ret;
}
// 函数只有一个出口,改成多个出口
var del = function( obj ){
if ( obj.isReadOnly ){
return; //反转 if 表达式
}
if ( obj.isFolder ){
return deleteFolder( obj );
}
if ( obj.isFile ){
return deleteFile( obj );
}
};
六,传递对象参数代理过长的参数列表
var setUserInfo = function( id, name, address, sex, mobile, qq ){
console.log( 'id= ' + id );
console.log( 'name= ' +name );
console.log( 'address= ' + address );
console.log( 'sex= ' + sex ); console.log( 'mobile= ' + mobile ); console.log( 'qq= ' + qq );
};
setUserInfo( 1314, 'sven', 'shenzhen', 'male', '137********', 377876679 );
// 把参数用一个对象包裹,不用再关系参数的数量和顺序
var setUserInfo = function( obj ){
console.log( 'id= ' + obj.id );
console.log( 'name= ' + obj.name );
console.log( 'address= ' + obj.address );
console.log( 'sex= ' + obj.sex );
console.log( 'mobile= ' + obj.mobile );
console.log( 'qq= ' + obj.qq );
};
setUserInfo({
id: 1314,
name: 'sven',
address: 'shenzhen',
sex: 'male',
mobile: '137********',
qq: 377876679
});
七,分解大型类
var Spirit = function( name ){
this.name = name;
};
Spirit.prototype.attack = function( type ){
if ( type === 'waveBoxing' ){
console.log( this.name + ': 使用波动拳' );
}else if( type === 'whirlKick' ){
console.log( this.name + ': 使用旋风腿')
}
};
var spirit = new Spirit( 'RYU' );
spirit.attack( 'waveBoxing' );
spirit.attack( 'whirlKick' );
// Spirit.prototype.attack 如果要添加方法,那会变得很大,所以必要作为一个单独的类存在
var Attack = function( spirit ){
this.spirit = spirit;
};
Attack.prototype.start = function( type ){
return this.list[ type ].call( this );
};
Attack.prototype.list = {
waveBoxing: function(){
console.log( this.spirit.name + ': 使用波动拳' );
},
whirlKick: function(){
console.log( this.spirit.name + ': 使用旋风腿' );
}
};