在Android应用开发中常用到权限请求，存在请求被拒绝后二次权限请求的场景。鸿蒙应用开发也有一样的场景。对于鸿蒙的权限类型，可以看看官网尤其是受限开放权限的限制以及申请方式，也可以考虑代替方案。本文将描述在Harmony应用中对位置权限的申请。 1. 先看看HarmonyOS NEXT Release指南， * 关于应用权限的部分，我们要申请的位置相关的权限是一组共三个权限，分别为 1）ohos.permission.LOCATION\_IN\_BACKGROUND：应用在后台运行时获取设备位置信息 2）ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY\_LOCATION：申请前台模糊位置权限 3）ohos.permission.LOCATIO：申请前台精确位置权限（需要和2一起申请） * 如何申请权限，包括了声明权限、向用户申请授权、二次向申请授权。其中api12中提供了二次向申请授权的方法requestPermissionOnSetting，这点在用户体验上非常好，不用用户自己手动去设置页找来找去了。 2. 创建一个Harmony工程命名PermissionDemo。 1）按照指南要求先声明权限，在src/entry/module.json5文件中添加requestPermissions三个位置相关的权限name，这里也要注意因为这三个权限都是user\_grant级别的权限，所以'reason'和'usedScene'都是必填项，不然会报错，也有提示`The 'reason' and 'usedScene' attributes are mandatory for user_grant permissions.`其中reason必须要使用string类资源引用,src/main/resources/base/element/string.json中，string.json和module.json5代码截图如下 ![image.png](https://p9-xtjj-sign.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-73owjymdk6/09193d775804436688e6e8c5a1e730ac~tplv-73owjymdk6-jj-mark-v1:0:0:0:0:5o6Y6YeR5oqA5pyv56S-5Yy6IEAgamVlODgwNg==:q75.awebp?rk3s=f64ab15b&x-expires=1775380661&x-signature=P9sOZot5g7KdjAWxp3SHRWIvtEA%3D) ![image.png](https://p9-xtjj-sign.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-73owjymdk6/ecb40db41bd944709110341b113f9114~tplv-73owjymdk6-jj-mark-v1:0:0:0:0:5o6Y6YeR5oqA5pyv56S-5Yy6IEAgamVlODgwNg==:q75.awebp?rk3s=f64ab15b&x-expires=1775380661&x-signature=BrcoW0rktwJjVaf7y1Lq443%2Bqgw%3D) 2）声明好了，在代码里面开始向用户申请授权。ArkTS代码，整两个工具类吧，一个位置的OHLocation.ets，一个权限的OHPermission.ets，src/main/ets/common目录下New->ArkTS File.

先写权限OHPermission.ets，三步走：检查权限checkPermissionsArray、首次申请reqPermissionsArrayFromUser、二次申请requestPermissionsArrayOnSetting。这里检查权限checkPermissionsArray，我们要检查一组多个权限，鸿蒙sdk提供的只有一个权限的参数检查方法checkAccessTokenSync. 将首次申请和二次申请的方法封装在requestPermissionsArray对外提供。对于检查权限和申请权限的结果封装为`export interface PermissionGrantStatusResult` 完整代码 ```OHPermission.ets import { abilityAccessCtrl, bundleManager, common, Permissions } from '@kit.AbilityKit'; import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'; import Logger from './Logger'; let TAG = "OHPermission" const context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext; export interface PermissionGrantStatusResult{ permissionsAll:Permissions[]; permissionsDenied:Permissions[];//被拒绝 grantStatus:boolean; } export default class OHPermission { //-1 PERMISSION_DENIED表示未授权。0 PERMISSION_GRANTED表示已授权。 static async checkPermissionsArray(permissionsArray: Array): Promise { //Logger.debug(TAG,'checkPermissionsArray permissionArray:' + JSON.stringify(permissionsArray)); let authResults = new Array(permissionsArray.length) let permissionsDenied: Array = new Array() permissionsArray.forEach((value, index) => { const grantStatus: abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus = OHPermission.checkPermissionGrant(value); authResults[index] = grantStatus; if (grantStatus != abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { permissionsDenied.push(permissionsArray[index]) } }) let result = { "permissionsAll": permissionsArray, "permissionsDenied": permissionsDenied, "grantStatus": permissionsDenied.length <= 0 } as PermissionGrantStatusResult return result } /** * 动态申请权限 * @param permissions * @returns 相应请求权限的结果。 */ static async requestPermissionsArray(permissionArray: Array): Promise{ Logger.debug(TAG,'requestPermissionsArray permissionArray:' + JSON.stringify(permissionArray)); let result = await OHPermission.reqPermissionsArrayFromUser(permissionArray) if (!result.grantStatus) { result = await OHPermission.requestPermissionsArrayOnSetting(result.permissionsDenied) } Logger.debug(TAG,'requestPermissionsArray permissionArray:' + JSON.stringify(result)); return result } /** * 校验应用是否被授予 {permission} 权限 * @param permission * @returns */ private static checkPermissionGrant(permission: Permissions): abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus { const atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager(); // 初始化grantStatus为未授权 let grantStatus: abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus = abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_DENIED; let tokenId: number = 0; try { // 获取应用程序的accessTokenID const bundleInfo: bundleManager.BundleInfo = bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelfSync(bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION); const appInfo: bundleManager.ApplicationInfo = bundleInfo.appInfo; tokenId = appInfo.accessTokenId; // 校验应用是否被授予权限 grantStatus = atManager.checkAccessTokenSync(tokenId, permission); Logger.debug(TAG, `checkPermissionGrant 检查${permission},grantStatus=${grantStatus},权限状态为：${grantStatus === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_DENIED ? "未授权" : "已授权"}`); } catch (error) { const err = error as BusinessError; Logger.debug(TAG, `checkPermissionGrant检查${permission}权限异常：${JSON.stringify(err)}`); grantStatus = abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_DENIED; } return grantStatus; } /** * 动态申请权限首次请求 * @param permissions * @returns 相应请求权限的结果。 */ private static async reqPermissionsArrayFromUser(permissionsArray: Array): Promise { Logger.debug(TAG, 'reqPermissionArrayFromUser permissionArray:' + JSON.stringify(permissionsArray)); let atManager: abilityAccessCtrl.AtManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager(); let permissionsDenied: Array = new Array() return atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(context, permissionsArray).then((data) => { Logger.debug(TAG, 'requestPermissionsFromUser:' + JSON.stringify(data)); let grantStatus: Array = data.authResults; let permissions: Array = data.permissions; let dialogShownResults: Array | undefined = data.dialogShownResults permissions.forEach((value, index) => { let dialogShown = false let grantStatusTxt = "未知" if (dialogShownResults != undefined) { dialogShown = dialogShownResults[index] } //值0表示授权，值-1表示不授权，值2表示请求无效。 if (grantStatus[index] == 0) { grantStatusTxt = "授权" } else if (grantStatus[index] == -1) { grantStatusTxt = "不授权" } else if (grantStatus[index] == 2) { grantStatusTxt = "请求无效" } Logger.debug(TAG, `requestPermissionsFromUser [${value},${grantStatusTxt},${dialogShown ? "已经弹窗" : "没有弹窗"}]`); if (grantStatus[index] === -1 && !dialogShown) { permissionsDenied.push(permissionsArray[index]) } else if (grantStatus[index] === 2) { throw new Error("请求无效") } }) let result = { "permissionsAll": permissionsArray, "permissionsDenied": permissionsDenied, "grantStatus": permissionsDenied.length <= 0 } as PermissionGrantStatusResult return result }).catch((err: BusinessError) => { Logger.debug(TAG, `reqPermissionArrayFromUser err:${err?.message},${JSON.stringify(permissionsArray)}`); let result = { "permissionsAll": permissionsArray, "permissionsDenied": permissionsArray, "grantStatus": false } as PermissionGrantStatusResult return result }); } /** * 动态申请权限二次请求 api12中提供 * @param permissions * @returns 相应请求权限的结果。值0表示授权，值-1表示不授权 */ private static async requestPermissionsArrayOnSetting(permissionsArray: Array): Promise{ let permissionsDenied: Array = new Array() Logger.debug(TAG,'requestPermissionOnSetting permissionArray:' + JSON.stringify(permissionsArray)); let atManager: abilityAccessCtrl.AtManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager(); return atManager.requestPermissionOnSetting(context, permissionsArray).then((data: Array) => {//api12中提供 Logger.debug(TAG,'requestPermissionOnSetting data:' + JSON.stringify(data)); permissionsArray.forEach((value,index)=>{ Logger.debug(TAG,`requestPermissionOnSetting [${value},${data[index] === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_DENIED ? "用户拒绝授权" : "用户授权"}]` ); if (data[index]===abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_DENIED) { permissionsDenied.push(permissionsArray[index]) } }) let result = {"permissionsAll":permissionsArray, "permissionsDenied" :permissionsDenied, "grantStatus":permissionsDenied.length<=0} as PermissionGrantStatusResult return result }).catch((err: BusinessError) => { Logger.debug(TAG,`reqPermissionArrayFromUser err:${err?.message},${JSON.stringify(permissionsArray)}`); let result = {"permissionsAll":permissionsArray, "permissionsDenied" :permissionsArray, "grantStatus":false} as PermissionGrantStatusResult return result }); } } ``` OHLocation.ets中我用使用的是鸿蒙的`@kit.LocationKit`，因为我用的模拟器是x86，三方百度定位的sdk不支持x86.完整代码如下： ```OHLocation.ets import OHPermission from './OHPermission'; import { Permissions } from '@kit.AbilityKit'; import { geoLocationManager } from '@kit.LocationKit'; import Logger from './Logger'; import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'; const TAG = "OHLocation" export default class OHLocation { async getCurrentLocationWithPermission():Promise{ let locationPermissions: Array = ['ohos.permission.LOCATION','ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION'] // 校验是否被授予定位权限 return OHPermission.checkPermissionsArray(locationPermissions).then((data)=>{ if (!data.grantStatus) { return OHPermission.requestPermissionsArray(data.permissionsDenied).then((r)=>{ if (r.grantStatus) { return this.getCurrentLocation() }else { throw Error("获取权限失败") } }) }else { return this.getCurrentLocation() } }).catch((error:Error)=>{ let geoLocationInfo = {"status":false,"msg":error.message} as GeoLocationInfo return geoLocationInfo }) } async getCurrentLocation():Promise{ let request: geoLocationManager.SingleLocationRequest = { 'locatingPriority': geoLocationManager.LocatingPriority.PRIORITY_LOCATING_SPEED, 'locatingTimeoutMs': 10000 } return geoLocationManager.getCurrentLocation(request).then((result) => { // 调用getCurrentLocation获取当前设备位置，通过promise接收上报的位置 Logger.debug(TAG,"getCurrentLocation======= location="+JSON.stringify(result)) let location:geoLocationManager.Location = result let geoLocationInfo = {"status":true,lng:location.longitude,lat:location.latitude} as GeoLocationInfo return geoLocationInfo }).catch((error:BusinessError) => { // 接收上报的错误码 Logger.debug(TAG,"getCurrentLocation======= location="+JSON.stringify(error)) let geoLocationInfo = {"status":false} as GeoLocationInfo return geoLocationInfo }); } } export interface GeoLocationInfo{ address:string; lng:number; lat:number; status:boolean; msg:string } ``` 在src/main/ets/pages/Index.ets中调用`new OHLocation().getCurrentLocationWithPermission()` 首次

二次申请

这里位置相关的三个权限中后台运行时获取设备位置信息ohos.permission.LOCATION\_IN\_BACKGROUND，不能向用户申请，官方有说明具体现象是，当使用sdk的 requestPermissionsFromUser 同时请求三个权限时，返回的结果是 `data.authResults=[2,2,2](值0表示授权，值-1表示不授权，值2表示请求无效)` 代码中Log工具 ```Logger.ets import hilog from '@ohos.hilog'; const LOGGER_PREFIX: string = 'next_demo'; class Logger { private domain: number; private prefix: string; private format: string = '%{public}s：%{public}s'; constructor(prefix: string = '', domain: number = 0xFF00) { this.prefix = prefix; this.domain = domain; } debug(tag:string,args?: string): void { hilog.debug(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, tag,args); } info(tag:string,args?: string): void { hilog.info(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args); } warn(...args: string[]): void { hilog.warn(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args); } error(...args: string[]): void { hilog.error(this.domain, this.prefix, this.format, args); } } export default new Logger(LOGGER_PREFIX); ```