网上各种各样的文章很多，实践一下，坑很多。今天特意整理一下。
本文在k8s-v1.14.1上安装dashboard-v1.10.1

(1) 准备镜像

因为众所周知的原因，谷歌的镜像无法在国内的服务器上下载。只好又使出阿里云搬运大法，搬运到阿里云上。
笔者已经做好了此工作，镜像为: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/yingzhuo/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1

(2) 下载Dashboard配置yaml文件

参考官方文档

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml -O kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

由于镜像的原因，修改默认镜像为笔者阿里云上的镜像。Dashboard Service的类型由ClusterIP改为NodePort，并对集群外暴露8001端口。否则用kubectl proxy访问非常麻烦。修改后的文件请参考本文附录。(注意，笔者的k8s集群经过配置对外端口已设置成1-65536，如果读者的k8s集群没有配置过，请使用30000-32767之间的端口)

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

(3) 生成Admin Token供Dashboard登录使用。

编辑admin-token.yaml为如下内容:

kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: admin
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile

kubectl apply -f admin-token.yaml

查看token

kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep admin-toke | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kubectl -n kube-system describe secret

在我的master节点上可以看到以下输出。

kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep admin-toke | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kubectl -n kube-system describe secret
Name:         admin-token-dm7dm
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 0cfcb5c9-6d4d-11e9-93e2-000c29c293be

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi10b2tlbi1kbTdkbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6IjBjZmNiNWM5LTZkNGQtMTFlOS05M2UyLTAwMGMyOWMyOTNiZSIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlLXN5c3RlbTphZG1pbiJ9.bk46E3k8_zK0CiXZ4W0oJkkb7pqnEPeQUW_DZvRkhOpvhedkNvAveTMrzHTafMISZTlqyo0bRSnrfwfBsF1cSWBMO85FYqIPR3r7d6qv1BWNzq5Qh5MMXlUb5NgXjitZKLpxvPzY8JbIpIcgDMmw3zAj1kHj4K3oLPGkz8JpQ_qqrrYUZ0n4769cQfM8z1v6SPyMF3C1S6c0VqcnzG9FuluUmfmsIgPzs_39ANXoXPU-Ef_vt5Av1zzKepjV5rA0EzT6NKbsc1elpjf_Dk_2LdtPjtHh8CTzB-7dD-YLCuMxqp96GAeQWzdiZZugspeOegQ2JNKddcZz52gX6BM9ZA

(4) 访问k8s-dashboard

在浏览器上访问https://<k8s-master-ip>:8001

使用以上操作得到的token登录即可。

附录

修改后的yaml文件

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/yingzhuo/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          - --auto-generate-certificates
          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-volume
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 8001
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard