记录一些iOS学习过程中的笔记

iOS开发-零碎笔记

创建项目目录结构

AppDelegate.swift:生命周期及变量的定义
ViewController.swift: MVC的C
Assets.xcasset:放资源文件，如图片等
info.plist：配置文件
xxxTest: 单元测试
Products:生成的文件
Main.storyboard: 视图

快捷添加注释

option + command + /

关闭软键盘

关闭代码

textField.resignFirstResponder()

关闭方式1：在Controller中重写touchesEnded()方法，然后在这里面关闭软件盘，意思是点击空白处关闭

override func touchesEnded(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
    name.resignFirstResponder()
}

关闭方式2：点击下一步时，关闭软键盘； Controller实现UITextFieldDelegate协议；实现UITextFieldDelegate协议中的textFieldShouldReturn方法；

func textFieldShouldReturn(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
    textField.resignFirstResponder()
    return true
}

UIDatePicker选择时间后计算年龄

func calAge(by datePicker: UIDatePicker) -> Int? {
    let gregorian = NSCalendar(calendarIdentifier: .gregorian)
    let now = Date()
    let components = gregorian?.components(NSCalendar.Unit.year, from: datePicker.date, to: now, options: NSCalendar.Options.init(rawValue: 0))
    return components?.year
}

页面跳转，传递数据

有两个Controller：ViewController和GalleryViewController。从ViewController跳转到GalleryViewController。 ViewController重写方法：prepare，该方法在页面跳转时会被调用，我们需要在里面判断是跳转到哪个页面。

    override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
        // 需要给Segue取名
        if segue.identifier == "GoToGallery" {
            let index = beautyPicker.selectedRow(inComponent: 0)
            var imageName: String?
            switch index {
            case 0:
                imageName = "fangbingbing"
            case 1:
                imageName = "libingbing"
            case 2:
                imageName = "wangfei"
            case 3:
                imageName = "yangmi"
            case 4:
                imageName = "zhouxu"
            default:
                imageName = nil
            }

            // 得到下一个页面的Controller
            let vc = segue.destination as! GalleryViewController
            vc.imageName = imageName
        }
    }

通过图片文件名设置图片

 beautyImage.image = UIImage(named: imageName)

unwind segue关闭页面

关闭页面后，Controller可以获得上个页面传回来的值该方法写在前一个页面

@IBAction func closedPrePage(segue: UIStoryboardSegue) {
    print("closed")
}

TableView下移一个状态栏的高度解决

方法一

if #available(iOS 11.0, *) {
    tableView.contentInsetAdjustmentBehavior = .never
}

方法二，内容上部分区域向上偏移一个状态栏的高度

collectionView?.contentInset.top = -UIApplication.shared.statusBarFrame.height

TableView 添加刷新

let refreshControl = UIRefreshControl()

// 初始化刷新
refreshControl.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue //设置刷新的背景颜色
refreshControl.attributedTitle = NSAttributedString(string: "刷新一下：\(Data())", attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.foregroundColor: UIColor.white]) // 设置字体颜色
refreshControl.tintColor = UIColor.green // 加载菊花颜色
refreshControl.tintAdjustmentMode = .dimmed // 色彩调整模式
refreshControl.addTarget(self, action: #selector(addcount), for: .valueChanged) //添加方法目标

// 添加该刷新
tableView.refreshControl = refreshControl

刷新方法

@objc func addcount() {
    dataArrary.append(contentsOf: dataArrary)
    tableView.reloadData()
    refreshControl.endRefreshing()
}

向项目添加字体

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/text_display_and_fonts/adding_a_custom_font_to_your_app

由于iOS的用的字体名称并不是文件名称，而是字体本身名称。下面代码搜索所有字体，然后我们在控制台，找到多出来的名称。

for family: String in UIFont.familyNames
{
    print("\(family)")
    for names: String in UIFont.fontNames(forFamilyName: family)
    {
        print("== \(names)")
    }
}

设置tabbar 字体和字体大小

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let appearance = UITabBarItem.appearance()
    appearance.setTitleTextAttributes([NSAttributedStringKey.font: UIFont(name: "Ubuntu-Light", size: 9)!], for: .normal)
}

UIButton 相关

UIButton`.isEnabled = false`后图片按钮的背景图片被改变

UIButton.adjustsImageWhenDisabled = false

扩展添加圆角、边框、边框颜色

@IBDesignable extension UIButton {

    @IBInspectable var borderWidth: CGFloat {
        set {
            layer.borderWidth = newValue
        }
        get {
            return layer.borderWidth
        }
    }

    @IBInspectable var cornerRadius: CGFloat {
        set {
            layer.cornerRadius = newValue
        }
        get {
            return layer.cornerRadius
        }
    }

    @IBInspectable var borderColor: UIColor? {
        set {
            guard let uiColor = newValue else { return }
            layer.borderColor = uiColor.cgColor
        }
        get {
            guard let color = layer.borderColor else { return nil }
            return UIColor(cgColor: color)
        }
    }
}

扩展图片在上，文字在下

extension UIButton {
    func alignVertical(spacing: CGFloat = 6.0, imageBottom: CGFloat = 0.0) {
        guard let imageSize = self.imageView?.image?.size,
            let text = self.titleLabel?.text,
            let font = self.titleLabel?.font
            else { return }
        self.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0.0, left: -imageSize.width, bottom: -(imageSize.height + spacing), right: 0.0)
        let labelString = NSString(string: text)
        let titleSize = labelString.size(withAttributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font: font])
        self.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: -(titleSize.height + spacing), left: 0.0, bottom: imageBottom, right: -titleSize.width)
        let edgeOffset = abs(titleSize.height - imageSize.height) / 2.0;
        self.contentEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets(top: edgeOffset, left: 0.0, bottom: edgeOffset, right: 0.0)
    }
}

UITableView或UICollectionView被TabBar遮盖

UITableView调用`reloadData`导致移动到列表顶部失效

UIView.animate(withDuration: 0, animations: {
    self.tableView.contentOffset = CGPoint.zero
}, completion: { _ in
    self.tableView.reloadData()
})

NavigationBar导致CollectionViewCell或TableViewCell偏移

self.collectionView?.contentInsetAdjustmentBehavior = .automatic

获取app版本

/// 获取版本名
let appVersion = Bundle.main.infoDictionary!["CFBundleShortVersionString"] as? String

/// 获取版本号
let versionNumber = Bundle.main.infoDictionary!["CFBundleVersion"] as? String

清理缓存

 func clearCache() {

     // 取出cache文件夹目录 缓存文件都在这个目录下
     let cachePath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(FileManager.SearchPathDirectory.cachesDirectory, FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask.userDomainMask, true).first

     // 取出文件夹下所有文件数组
     let fileArr = FileManager.default.subpaths(atPath: cachePath!)

     // 遍历删除
     for file in fileArr! {

         let path = cachePath?.appendingFormat("/\(file)")
         if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path!) {

             do {
                 try FileManager.default.removeItem(atPath: path!)
             } catch {

             }
         }
     }
 }

打开网页本软件的appstore

// App Store URL.
let appStoreLink = "https://itunes.apple.com/cn/app/id1144351773?mt=8"

/* First create a URL, then check whether there is an installed app that can
 open it on the device. */
if let url = URL(string: appStoreLink), UIApplication.shared.canOpenURL(url) {
    // Attempt to open the URL.
    UIApplication.shared.open(url, options: [:], completionHandler: {(success: Bool) in
        if success {
            print("Launching \(url) was successful")
        }})
}

设置圆形展示图像

设置UIImageView宽度和高度，假如设置为60*60
设置运行时属性，设置圆弧为30（正方形边长度一半）
勾选Clip to Bounds，

UIScrollView填充到顶部（去掉状态栏到空白间距）

Content Insets 选择Never
去掉选中的Safe Area Relative Margins

UIImage 高斯模糊扩展

extension UIImage {
    func blurred(radius: CGFloat) -> UIImage {
        let ciContext = CIContext(options: nil)
        guard let cgImage = cgImage else { return self }
        let inputImage = CIImage(cgImage: cgImage)
        guard let ciFilter = CIFilter(name: "CIGaussianBlur") else { return self }
        ciFilter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
        ciFilter.setValue(radius, forKey: "inputRadius")
        guard let resultImage = ciFilter.value(forKey: kCIOutputImageKey) as? CIImage else { return self }
        guard let cgImage2 = ciContext.createCGImage(resultImage, from: inputImage.extent) else { return self }
        return UIImage(cgImage: cgImage2)
    }
}

两个UIImage 合并扩展

extension UIImage {

  func overlayWith(image: UIImage, posX: CGFloat, posY: CGFloat) -> UIImage {
    let newWidth = size.width < posX + image.size.width ? posX + image.size.width : size.width
    let newHeight = size.height < posY + image.size.height ? posY + image.size.height : size.height
    let newSize = CGSize(width: newWidth, height: newHeight)

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(newSize, false, 0.0)
    draw(in: CGRect(origin: CGPoint.zero, size: size))
    image.draw(in: CGRect(origin: CGPoint(x: posX, y: posY), size: image.size))
    let newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()!
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext()

    return newImage
  }

}

SDWebImageView 下载图片

方式一

img.sd_setImage(with: URL(string: "http://url"),
  placeholderImage: #imageLiteral(resourceName: "default_square")) { image, error, cacheType, url in

}

方式二

SDWebImageDownloader
  .shared()
  .downloadImage(with: URL(string: "http://url"),
    options: SDWebImageDownloaderOptions.init(rawValue: 0),
    progress: nil,
    completed: { image, data, error, finished in
    if finished {

    }
})

AVPlayerViewController 视频播放

import AVKit
func playVideoByUrl(string: String) {
    let videoURL = URL(string: string)
    let player = AVPlayer(url: videoURL!)
    let playerViewController = AVPlayerViewController()
    playerViewController.player = player
    self.present(playerViewController, animated: true) {
        playerViewController.player!.play()
    }
}

为UIImageView添加的点击手势无效

勾选上User Interaction Enabled
代码中设置uiimageview.userInteractionEnabled = true

PHAsset获取文件路径

extension PHAsset {

    func getURL(completionHandler : @escaping ((_ responseURL : URL?) -> Void)){
        if self.mediaType == .image {
            let options: PHContentEditingInputRequestOptions = PHContentEditingInputRequestOptions()
            options.canHandleAdjustmentData = {(adjustmeta: PHAdjustmentData) -> Bool in
                return true
            }
            self.requestContentEditingInput(with: options, completionHandler: {(contentEditingInput: PHContentEditingInput?, info: [AnyHashable : Any]) -> Void in
                completionHandler(contentEditingInput!.fullSizeImageURL as URL?)
            })
        } else if self.mediaType == .video {
            let options: PHVideoRequestOptions = PHVideoRequestOptions()
            options.version = .original
            PHImageManager.default().requestAVAsset(forVideo: self, options: options, resultHandler: {(asset: AVAsset?, audioMix: AVAudioMix?, info: [AnyHashable : Any]?) -> Void in
                if let urlAsset = asset as? AVURLAsset {
                    let localVideoUrl: URL = urlAsset.url as URL
                    completionHandler(localVideoUrl)
                } else {
                    completionHandler(nil)
                }
            })
        }
    }
}

UIView 相关

通过UIView获取父UIViewController

extension UIView {
    var parentViewController: UIViewController? {
        var parentResponder: UIResponder? = self
        while parentResponder != nil {
            parentResponder = parentResponder!.next
            if let viewController = parentResponder as? UIViewController {
                return viewController
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

String 相关

html的字符串，将代码转成对应效果

extension String {
    var htmlToAttributedString: NSAttributedString? {
        guard let data = data(using: .utf8) else { return NSAttributedString() }
        do {
            return try NSAttributedString(data: data, options: [.documentType: NSAttributedString.DocumentType.html, .characterEncoding:String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue], documentAttributes: nil)
        } catch {
            return NSAttributedString()
        }
    }
    var htmlToString: String {
        return htmlToAttributedString?.string ?? ""
    }
}

正则表达式匹配

/// 正则表达式匹配
extension String {
    func matchingStrings(regex: String) -> [String] {
        do {
            let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex)
            let results = regex.matches(in: self,
                                        range: NSRange(self.startIndex..., in: self))
            return results.map {
                String(self[Range($0.range, in: self)!])
            }
        } catch let error {
            print("invalid regex: \(error.localizedDescription)")
            return []
        }
    }
}

Data拼接数据

extension Data {
    mutating func append(_ string: String, using encoding: String.Encoding = .utf8) {
        if let data = string.data(using: encoding) {
            append(data)
        }
    }
}

打乱数组顺序

extension Array{
    mutating func randamArray() {
        var list = self
        for index in 0..<list.count {
            let newIndex = Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(list.count-index))) + index
            if index != newIndex {
                list.swapAt(index, newIndex)
            }
        }
        self = list
    }
}

UIImage相关

高斯模糊图片

extension UIImage {
    func blurred(radius: CGFloat) -> UIImage {
        let ciContext = CIContext(options: nil)
        guard let cgImage = cgImage else { return self }
        let inputImage = CIImage(cgImage: cgImage)
        guard let ciFilter = CIFilter(name: "CIGaussianBlur") else { return self }
        ciFilter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
        ciFilter.setValue(radius, forKey: "inputRadius")
        guard let resultImage = ciFilter.value(forKey: kCIOutputImageKey) as? CIImage else { return self }
        guard let cgImage2 = ciContext.createCGImage(resultImage, from: inputImage.extent) else { return self }
        return UIImage(cgImage: cgImage2)
    }
}

两张图片叠加成一张图片

extension UIImage {

    func overlayWith(image: UIImage, posX: CGFloat, posY: CGFloat) -> UIImage {
        let newWidth = size.width < posX + image.size.width ? posX + image.size.width : size.width
        let newHeight = size.height < posY + image.size.height ? posY + image.size.height : size.height
        let newSize = CGSize(width: newWidth, height: newHeight)

        UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(newSize, false, 0.0)
        draw(in: CGRect(origin: CGPoint.zero, size: size))
        image.draw(in: CGRect(origin: CGPoint(x: posX, y: posY), size: image.size))
        let newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()!
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext()

        return newImage
    }

}

缩放图片

extension UIImage {

    func scaled(withSize size: CGSize) -> UIImage {
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(size, false, 0.0)
        defer { UIGraphicsEndImageContext() }
        draw(in: CGRect(x: 0.0, y: 0.0, width: size.width, height: size.height))
        return UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()!
    }

}

Json相关

Json编码

extension JSONEncoder {

    /// 将实体类转换成Json数据
    func toJson<T: Encodable>(_ entity: T) -> String? {
        guard let encodedData = try? encode(entity) else {
            return nil
        }
        return String(data: encodedData, encoding: .utf8)
    }
}

Json解码

extension JSONDecoder {
    func from<T: Decodable>(_ type: T.Type, json: String) -> T? {
        do {
            return try decode(type, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
        }
        catch {
            return nil
        }
    }
}

请求字段编码为字符串，形式如：key=value&key=value&key=value

extension Dictionary {
    func percentEscaped() -> String {
        return map { (key, value) in
            let escapedKey = "\(key)".addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlQueryValueAllowed) ?? ""
            let escapedValue = "\(value)".addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlQueryValueAllowed) ?? ""
            return escapedKey + "=" + escapedValue
            }
            .joined(separator: "&")
    }
}

extension CharacterSet {
    static let urlQueryValueAllowed: CharacterSet = {
        let generalDelimitersToEncode = ":#[]@" // does not include "?" or "/" due to RFC 3986 - Section 3.4
        let subDelimitersToEncode = "!$&'()*+,;="

        var allowed = CharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
        allowed.remove(charactersIn: "\(generalDelimitersToEncode)\(subDelimitersToEncode)")
        return allowed
    }()
}

UIViewController 相关

添加子UIViewController

extension UIViewController {

    /// 添加子ViewController
    func addSubController(child: UIViewController, to: UIView? = nil) {
        addChildViewController(child)
        if let to = to {
            child.view.frame = to.frame
            to.addSubview(child.view)
        }
        else {
            child.view.frame = view.frame
            view.addSubview(child.view)
        }
        child.didMove(toParentViewController: self)
    }
}

移除子UIViewController

extension UIViewController {
    /// 移除子ViewController
    func removeSubController(child: UIViewController) {
        child.willMove(toParentViewController: nil)
        child.removeFromParentViewController()
        child.view.removeFromSuperview()
    }
}

关闭页面

关闭当前页面

extension UIViewController {
    /// 关闭当前页面
    func closePage() {
        self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
    }
}

关闭所有页面，除开最下级的那个页面

extension UIViewController {
    func closeAllPage() {
        //获取根VC
        var rootVC = self.presentingViewController
        while let parent = rootVC?.presentingViewController {
            rootVC = parent
        }
        //释放所有下级视图
        rootVC?.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
    }
}

显示和关闭菊花等待加载

extension UIViewController {
    class func displaySpinner(onView : UIView) -> UIView {
        let spinnerView = UIView.init(frame: onView.bounds)
        spinnerView.backgroundColor = UIColor.init(red: 0.5, green: 0.5, blue: 0.5, alpha: 0.5)
        let ai = UIActivityIndicatorView.init(activityIndicatorStyle: .whiteLarge)
        ai.startAnimating()
        ai.center = spinnerView.center

        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            spinnerView.addSubview(ai)
            onView.addSubview(spinnerView)
        }

        return spinnerView
    }

    class func removeSpinner(spinner :UIView) {
        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            spinner.removeFromSuperview()
        }
    }
}

显示

let sp = UIViewController.displaySpinner(onView: self.view)

关闭

UIViewController.removeSpinner(spinner: sp)

IAP 内购

使用

除代码外的内购准备工序已OK
获取产品数据：通过IAPHelper.shared.fetchAvailableProducts从苹果服务器获取所有传入的产品id的产品信息，传入的参数是产品的id字符串数组
支付：IAPHelper.shared.purchase(id: id)，id是产品id

IAPHelper.shared.purchase(id: selectItem!.product_id) {alert, product, transaction in
  if alert == .purchased { //购买成功
      if let receiptUrl = Bundle.main.appStoreReceiptURL, let receiptData = NSData(contentsOf: receiptUrl) {
          let receiptString = receiptData.base64EncodedString(options: NSData.Base64EncodingOptions(rawValue: 0))
          // 对receiptString加密字符串进行验证
      }
  }
  else if alert == .restored {

  }
  else if alert == .purchasing {

  }
  else {

  }
}

IAPHelper 代码

import StoreKit

enum IAPHelperAlertType{
    case disabled
    case restored
    case purchased
    case purchasing
    case setProductIds

    func message() -> String{
        switch self {
        case .setProductIds: return "未设置产品id，请调用 fetchAvailableProducts()"
        case .disabled: return "购买已取消"
        case .restored: return "您已成功恢复购买"
        case .purchased: return "您已成功购买此商品"
        case .purchasing: return "正在购买..."
        }
    }
}


class IAPHelper: NSObject {
    static let shared = IAPHelper()

    private override init() { }

    fileprivate var productID = ""
    fileprivate var productsRequest = SKProductsRequest()
    fileprivate var productDict = [String:SKProduct]()
    fileprivate var fetchProductCompletion: (([SKProduct])->Void)?

    fileprivate var productToPurchase: SKProduct?
    var purchaseProductCompletion: ((IAPHelperAlertType, SKProduct?, SKPaymentTransaction?) -> Void)?

    // MARK: - 购买产品
    func canMakePurchases() -> Bool {  return SKPaymentQueue.canMakePayments()  }

    func purchase(id: String, completion: @escaping ((IAPHelperAlertType, SKProduct?, SKPaymentTransaction?)->Void)) {
        self.purchaseProductCompletion = completion
        self.productToPurchase = productDict[id]

        guard let product = self.productToPurchase else {
            print(IAPHelperAlertType.setProductIds.message())
            fatalError(IAPHelperAlertType.setProductIds.message())
        }

        if self.canMakePurchases() {
            let payment = SKPayment(product: product)
            SKPaymentQueue.default().add(self)
            SKPaymentQueue.default().add(payment)

            print("采购产品: \(product.productIdentifier)")
            productID = product.productIdentifier
        }
        else {
            completion(.disabled, nil, nil)
        }
    }

    // MARK: - 恢复购买
    func restorePurchase(){
        SKPaymentQueue.default().add(self)
        SKPaymentQueue.default().restoreCompletedTransactions()
    }

    // MARK: - 获取可用的iap产品
    func fetchAvailableProducts(by ids: [String], completion: @escaping (([SKProduct])->Void)){
        self.fetchProductCompletion = completion
        // 把您的IAP产品id放到这里面

        guard !ids.isEmpty else {
            print("没有设置产品id")
            fatalError(IAPHelperAlertType.setProductIds.message())
        }

        productsRequest = SKProductsRequest(productIdentifiers: Set(ids))
        productsRequest.delegate = self
        productsRequest.start()
    }

}

extension IAPHelper: SKProductsRequestDelegate, SKPaymentTransactionObserver{
    // MARK: - 请求IAP产品
    func productsRequest (_ request:SKProductsRequest, didReceive response:SKProductsResponse) {

        if (response.products.count > 0) {
            for product in response.products {
                print("product.productIdentifier = \(product.productIdentifier)")
                self.productDict[product.productIdentifier] = product
            }
            self.fetchProductCompletion?(response.products)
        }
    }

    func paymentQueueRestoreCompletedTransactionsFinished(_ queue: SKPaymentQueue) {
        self.purchaseProductCompletion?(.restored, nil, nil)
    }

    // MARK:- IAP付款队列
    func paymentQueue(_ queue: SKPaymentQueue, updatedTransactions transactions: [SKPaymentTransaction]) {
        print("调用了几次啊！！！")
        for transaction:AnyObject in transactions {
            if let trans = transaction as? SKPaymentTransaction {
                switch trans.transactionState {
                case .purchased:
                    print("产品已购买")
                    SKPaymentQueue.default().finishTransaction(transaction as! SKPaymentTransaction)
                    self.purchaseProductCompletion?(.purchased, self.productToPurchase, trans)
                    break

                case .failed:
                    print("产品购买失败\(trans.error.debugDescription)")
                    SKPaymentQueue.default().finishTransaction(transaction as! SKPaymentTransaction)
                    self.purchaseProductCompletion?(.disabled, self.productToPurchase, trans)
                    break
                case .purchasing:
                    print("正在购买...")
                    self.purchaseProductCompletion?(.purchasing, self.productToPurchase, trans)
                    break
                case .restored:
                    print("产品已恢复购买")
                    SKPaymentQueue.default().finishTransaction(transaction as! SKPaymentTransaction)
                    self.purchaseProductCompletion?(.restored, self.productToPurchase, trans)
                    break

                default: break
                }
            }
        }
    }
}