目录

√ 配置多环境变量
√ 配置基础 vue.config.js
√ 配置 proxy 跨域
√ 修复 HMR(热更新)失效
√ 修复 Lazy loading routes Error： Cyclic dependency
√ 添加别名
√ 去除多余无效的 css
√ 添加打包分析
√ 配置 externals
√ 去掉 console.log
√ 开启 gzip 压缩
√ 为 sass 提供全局样式，以及全局变量
√ 添加 IE 兼容
√ 文件上传 ali oss
√ 完整依赖

☞ 配置多环境变量

通过在 package.json 里的 scripts 配置项中添加--mode xxx 来选择不同环境

在项目根目录中新建.env, .env.production, .env.analyz 等文件

只有以 VUEAPP 开头的变量会被 webpack.DefinePlugin 静态嵌入到客户端侧的包中，代码中可以通过 process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API 访问

NODE_ENV 和 BASE_URL 是两个特殊变量，在代码中始终可用

.env serve 默认的环境变量

NODE_ENV = 'development'
VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'https://demo.cn/api'

.env.production build 默认的环境变量

如果开启 ali oss,VUE_APP_SRC 配置为 ali oss 资源 url 前缀，如：'https://staven.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/demo'

NODE_ENV = 'production'

VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'https://demo.com/api'
VUE_APP_SRC = '/'

ACCESS_KEY_ID = ''
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = ''
REGION = 'oss-cn-hangzhou'
BUCKET = 'staven'
PREFIX = 'demo'

.env.analyz 用于 webpack-bundle-analyzer 打包分析

如果开启 ali oss,VUE_APP_SRC 配置为 ali oss 资源 url 前缀，如：'https://staven.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/demo'

NODE_ENV = 'production'
IS_ANALYZ = 'analyz'

VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'https://demo.com/api'
VUE_APP_SRC = '/'

ACCESS_KEY_ID = ''
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = ''
REGION = 'oss-cn-hangzhou'
BUCKET = 'staven'
PREFIX = 'demo'

修改 package.json

"scripts": {
  "serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
  "build": "vue-cli-service build",
  "analyz": "vue-cli-service build --mode analyz",
  "lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 配置基础 vue.config.js

const IS_PROD = ['production', 'prod'].includes(process.env.NODE_ENV);

module.exports = {
  baseUrl: './', // 默认'/'，部署应用包时的基本 URL
  outputDir: process.env.outputDir || 'dist', // 'dist', 生产环境构建文件的目录
  assetsDir: '',  // 相对于outputDir的静态资源(js、css、img、fonts)目录
  lintOnSave: false,
  runtimeCompiler: true, // 是否使用包含运行时编译器的 Vue 构建版本
  productionSourceMap: false,  // 生产环境的 source map
  parallel: require('os').cpus().length > 1,
  pwa: {}
};

▲ 回顶部

☞ 配置 proxy 跨域

const IS_PROD = ['production', 'prod'].includes(process.env.NODE_ENV);
module.exports = {
    devServer: {
        // overlay: {
        //   warnings: true,
        //   errors: true
        // },
        open: IS_PROD,
        host: '0.0.0.0',
        port: 8000,
        https: false,
        hotOnly: false,
        proxy: {
          '/api': {
            target: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API || 'http://127.0.0.1:8080',
            changeOrigin: true
          }
        }
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 修复 HMR(热更新)失效

module.exports = {
    chainWebpack: config => {
        // 修复HMR
        config.resolve.symlinks(true);
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 修复 Lazy loading routes Error： Cyclic dependency https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/issues/1669

module.exports = {
    chainWebpack: config => {
        config.plugin('html').tap(args => {
            args[0].chunksSortMode = 'none';
            return args;
        });
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 添加别名

const path =  require('path');
const resolve = (dir) => path.join(__dirname, dir);
const IS_PROD = ['production', 'prod'].includes(process.env.NODE_ENV);

module.exports = {
    chainWebpack: config => {
        // 添加别名
        config.resolve.alias
          .set('@', resolve('src'))
          .set('assets', resolve('src/assets'))
          .set('components', resolve('src/components'))
          .set('layout', resolve('src/layout'))
          .set('base', resolve('src/base'))
          .set('static', resolve('src/static'));
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 去除多余无效的 css

npm i --save-dev glob-all purgecss-webpack-plugin

const PurgecssPlugin = require('purgecss-webpack-plugin');
const glob = require('glob-all');
const path = require('path')

module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: config => {
        if (IS_PROD) {
            const plugins = [];
            plugins.push(
                new PurgecssPlugin({
                    paths: glob.sync([
                    path.join(__dirname, './src/index.html'),
                    path.join(__dirname, './**/*.vue'),
                    path.join(__dirname, './src/**/*.js')
                    ])
                })
            );
            config.plugins = [
                ...config.plugins,
                ...plugins
            ];
        }
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 添加打包分析

const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin;

module.exports = {
    chainWebpack: config => {
        // 打包分析
        if (process.env.IS_ANALYZ) {
          config.plugin('webpack-report')
            .use(BundleAnalyzerPlugin, [{
              analyzerMode: 'static',
            }]);
        }
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 配置 externals

防止将某些 import 的包(package)打包到 bundle 中，而是在运行时(runtime)再去从外部获取这些扩展依赖


module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: config => {
        config.externals = {
          'vue': 'Vue',
          'element-ui': 'ELEMENT',
          'vue-router': 'VueRouter',
          'vuex': 'Vuex',
          'axios': 'axios'
        }
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 去掉 console.log

方法一：

const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin');
module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: config => {
        if (IS_PROD) {
            const plugins = [];
            plugins.push(
                new UglifyJsPlugin({
                    uglifyOptions: {
                        compress: {
                            warnings: false,
                            drop_console: true,
                            drop_debugger: false,
                            pure_funcs: ['console.log']//移除console
                        }
                    },
                    sourceMap: false,
                    parallel: true
                })
            );
            config.plugins = [
                ...config.plugins,
                ...plugins
            ];
        }
    }
}

方法二：使用 babel-plugin-transform-remove-console 插件

npm i --save-dev babel-plugin-transform-remove-console

在 babel.config.js 中配置

const plugins = [];
if(['production', 'prod'].includes(process.env.NODE_ENV)) {
  plugins.push("transform-remove-console")
}

module.exports = {
  presets: [["@vue/app",{"useBuiltIns": "entry"}]],
  plugins: plugins
};

▲ 回顶部

☞ 开启 gzip 压缩

npm i --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin

const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin');
const productionGzipExtensions = /\.(js|css|json|txt|html|ico|svg)(\?.*)?$/i;

module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: config => {
        if (IS_PROD) {
            const plugins = [];
            plugins.push(
                new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
                    filename: '[path].gz[query]',
                    algorithm: 'gzip',
                    test: productionGzipExtensions,
                    threshold: 10240,
                    minRatio: 0.8
                })
            );
            config.plugins = [
                ...config.plugins,
                ...plugins
            ];
        }
    }
}

还可以开启比 gzip 体验更好的 Zopfli 压缩详见https://webpack.js.org/plugins/compression-webpack-plugin

npm i --save-dev @gfx/zopfli brotli-webpack-plugin

const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin');
const zopfli = require("@gfx/zopfli");
const BrotliPlugin = require("brotli-webpack-plugin");
const productionGzipExtensions = /\.(js|css|json|txt|html|ico|svg)(\?.*)?$/i;

module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: config => {
        if (IS_PROD) {
            const plugins = [];
            plugins.push(
                new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
                    algorithm(input, compressionOptions, callback) {
                      return zopfli.gzip(input, compressionOptions, callback);
                    },
                    compressionOptions: {
                      numiterations: 15
                    },
                    minRatio: 0.99,
                    test: productionGzipExtensions
                })
            );
            plugins.push(
                new BrotliPlugin({
                    test: productionGzipExtensions,
                    minRatio: 0.99
                })
            );
            config.plugins = [
                ...config.plugins,
                ...plugins
            ];
        }
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 为 sass 提供全局样式，以及全局变量

可以通过在 main.js 中 Vue.prototype.$src = process.env.VUE_APP_SRC;挂载环境变量中的配置信息，然后在js中使用$src 访问。

css 中可以使用注入 sass 变量访问环境变量中的配置信息

module.exports = {
    css: {
        modules: false,
        extract: IS_PROD,
        sourceMap: false,
        loaderOptions: {
          sass: {
            // 向全局sass样式传入共享的全局变量
            data: `@import "~assets/scss/variables.scss";$src: "${process.env.VUE_APP_SRC}";`
          }
        }
    }
}

在 scss 中引用

.home {
    background: url($src + '/images/500.png');
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 添加 IE 兼容

npm i --save @babel/polyfill

在 main.js 中添加

import '@babel/polyfill';

配置 babel.config.js

const plugins = [];

module.exports = {
  presets: [["@vue/app",{"useBuiltIns": "entry"}]],
  plugins: plugins
};

▲ 回顶部

☞ 文件上传 ali oss

开启文件上传 ali oss，需要将 baseUrl 改成 ali oss 资源 url 前缀,也就是修改 VUE_APP_SRC

npm i --save-dev webpack-oss

const AliOssPlugin = require('webpack-oss');

module.exports = {
    configureWebpack: config => {
        if (IS_PROD) {
            const plugins = [];
            // 上传文件到oss
            if (process.env.ACCESS_KEY_ID || process.env.ACCESS_KEY_SECRET || process.env.REGION || process.env.BUCKET || process.env.PREFIX) {
                plugins.push(
                    new AliOssPlugin({
                        accessKeyId: process.env.ACCESS_KEY_ID,
                        accessKeySecret: process.env.ACCESS_KEY_SECRET,
                        region: process.env.REGION,
                        bucket: process.env.BUCKET,
                        prefix: process.env.PREFIX,
                        exclude: /.*\.html$/,
                        deleteAll: false
                    })
                );
            }
            config.plugins = [
                ...config.plugins,
                ...plugins
            ];
        }
    }
}

▲ 回顶部

☞ 完整配置

安装依赖

npm i --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin babel-plugin-transform-remove-console  glob-all purgecss-webpack-plugin

其他依赖(@gfx/zopfli、brotli-webpack-plugin、webpack-oss)根据需求选择安装

环境配置

.env

NODE_ENV = 'development'
VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'https://demo.cn/api'

.env.production

如果开启 ali oss,VUE_APP_SRC 配置为 ali oss 资源 url 前缀，如：'https://staven.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/demo'

NODE_ENV = 'production'

VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'https://demo.com/api'
VUE_APP_SRC = '/'

ACCESS_KEY_ID = ''
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = ''
REGION = 'oss-cn-hangzhou'
BUCKET = 'staven'
PREFIX = 'demo'

.env.analyz

如果开启 ali oss,VUE_APP_SRC 配置为 ali oss 资源 url 前缀，如：'https://staven.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/demo'

NODE_ENV = 'production'
IS_ANALYZ = 'analyz'

VUE_APP_BASE_API = 'https://demo.com/api'
VUE_APP_SRC = VUE_APP_SRC = '/'

ACCESS_KEY_ID = ''
ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = ''
REGION = 'oss-cn-hangzhou'
BUCKET = 'staven'
PREFIX = 'demo'

package.json

"scripts": {
    "serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
    "build": "vue-cli-service build",
    "analyz": "vue-cli-service build --mode analyz",
    "lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
}

babel.config.js

const plugins = [];
// if(['production', 'prod'].includes(process.env.NODE_ENV)) {
//   plugins.push("transform-remove-console")
// }

module.exports = {
  presets: [["@vue/app",{"useBuiltIns": "entry"}]],
  plugins: plugins
};

vue.config.js

const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require("webpack-bundle-analyzer")
  .BundleAnalyzerPlugin;
const UglifyJsPlugin = require("uglifyjs-webpack-plugin");
const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require("compression-webpack-plugin");
// const zopfli = require("@gfx/zopfli");
// const BrotliPlugin = require("brotli-webpack-plugin");
const AliOssPlugin = require("webpack-oss");

const path = require("path");
const PurgecssPlugin = require("purgecss-webpack-plugin");
const glob = require("glob-all");

const resolve = dir => path.join(__dirname, dir);
const IS_PROD = ["production", "prod"].includes(process.env.NODE_ENV);
const productionGzipExtensions = /\.(js|css|json|txt|html|ico|svg)(\?.*)?$/i;

module.exports = {
  baseUrl: IS_PROD ? process.env.VUE_APP_SRC || "/" : "./", // 默认'/'，部署应用包时的基本 URL
  outputDir: process.env.outputDir || "dist", // 'dist', 生产环境构建文件的目录
  assetsDir: "", // 相对于outputDir的静态资源(js、css、img、fonts)目录
  lintOnSave: false,
  runtimeCompiler: true, // 是否使用包含运行时编译器的 Vue 构建版本
  productionSourceMap: false, // 生产环境的 source map

  configureWebpack: config => {
    // cdn引用时配置externals
    // config.externals = {
    //     'vue': 'Vue',
    //     'element-ui': 'ELEMENT',
    //     'vue-router': 'VueRouter',
    //     'vuex': 'Vuex',
    //     'axios': 'axios'
    // }

    if (IS_PROD) {
      const plugins = [];

      plugins.push(
        new PurgecssPlugin({
          paths: glob.sync([
            path.join(__dirname, "./src/index.html"),
            path.join(__dirname, "./**/*.vue"),
            path.join(__dirname, "./src/**/*.js")
          ])
        })
      );

      plugins.push(
        new UglifyJsPlugin({
          uglifyOptions: {
            compress: {
              warnings: false,
              drop_console: true,
              drop_debugger: false,
              pure_funcs: ["console.log"] //移除console
            }
          },
          sourceMap: false,
          parallel: true
        })
      );
      plugins.push(
        new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
          filename: "[path].gz[query]",
          algorithm: "gzip",
          test: productionGzipExtensions,
          threshold: 10240,
          minRatio: 0.8
        })
      );

      // 上传文件到oss
      //if (process.env.ACCESS_KEY_ID || process.env.ACCESS_KEY_SECRET || process.env.REGION || process.env.BUCKET || process.env.PREFIX) {
      //    plugins.push(
      //        new AliOssPlugin({
      //            accessKeyId: process.env.ACCESS_KEY_ID,
      //            accessKeySecret: process.env.ACCESS_KEY_SECRET,
      //            region: process.env.REGION,
      //            bucket: process.env.BUCKET,
      //            prefix: process.env.PREFIX,
      //            exclude: /.*\.html$/,
      //            deleteAll: false
      //        })
      //    );
      //}

      // Zopfli压缩，需要响应VC库 https://webpack.js.org/plugins/compression-webpack-plugin/
      // plugins.push(
      //     new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
      //         algorithm(input, compressionOptions, callback) {
      //             return zopfli.gzip(input, compressionOptions, callback);
      //         },
      //         compressionOptions: {
      //             numiterations: 15
      //         },
      //         minRatio: 0.99,
      //         test: productionGzipExtensions
      //     })
      // );
      // plugins.push(
      //     new BrotliPlugin({
      //         test: productionGzipExtensions,
      //         minRatio: 0.99
      //     })
      // );
      config.plugins = [...config.plugins, ...plugins];
    }
  },
  chainWebpack: config => {
    // 修复HMR
    config.resolve.symlinks(true);

    // 修复Lazy loading routes Error： Cyclic dependency  [https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/issues/1669]
    config.plugin("html").tap(args => {
      args[0].chunksSortMode = "none";
      return args;
    });

    // 添加别名
    config.resolve.alias
      .set("@", resolve("src"))
      .set("assets", resolve("src/assets"))
      .set("components", resolve("src/components"))
      .set("layout", resolve("src/layout"))
      .set("base", resolve("src/base"))
      .set("static", resolve("src/static"));

    // 打包分析
    if (process.env.IS_ANALYZ) {
      config.plugin("webpack-report").use(BundleAnalyzerPlugin, [
        {
          analyzerMode: "static"
        }
      ]);
    }

    // 多页面配置，为js添加hash
    // config.output.chunkFilename(`js/[name].[chunkhash:8].js`)

    // 修改图片输出路径
    // config.module
    //   .rule('images')
    //   .test(/\.(png|jpe?g|gif|ico)(\?.*)?$/)
    //   .use('url-loader')
    //   .loader('url-loader')
    //   .options({
    //       name: path.join('../assets/', 'img/[name].[ext]')
    //   })
  },
  css: {
    modules: false,
    extract: IS_PROD,
    // 为css后缀添加hash
    // extract: {
    //  filename: 'css/[name].[hash:8].css',
    //  chunkFilename: 'css/[name].[hash:8].css'
    //}，
    sourceMap: false,
    loaderOptions: {
      sass: {
        // 向全局sass样式传入共享的全局变量
        // data: `@import "~assets/scss/variables.scss";$src: "${process.env.VUE_APP_SRC}";`
        data: `$src: "${process.env.VUE_APP_SRC}";`
      }
      // px转换为rem
      // postcss: {
      //   plugins: [
      //     require('postcss-pxtorem')({
      //       rootValue : 1, // 换算的基数
      //       selectorBlackList  : ['weui', 'el'], // 忽略转换正则匹配项
      //       propList   : ['*']
      //     })
      //   ]
      // }
    }
  },
  pluginOptions: {
    // 安装vue-cli-plugin-style-resources-loader插件
    // 添加全局样式global.scss
    // "style-resources-loader": {
    //   preProcessor: "scss",
    //   patterns: [
    //     resolve(__dirname, "./src/scss/scss/variables.scss")
    //   ]
    // }
  },
  parallel: require("os").cpus().length > 1,
  pwa: {},
  devServer: {
    // overlay: {
    //   warnings: true,
    //   errors: true
    // },
    open: IS_PROD,
    host: "0.0.0.0",
    port: 8000,
    https: false,
    hotOnly: false,
    proxy: {
      "/api": {
        target: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API || "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
        changeOrigin: true
      }
    }
  }
};