Android KMP初探

Android KMP初探

今天的内容是Kotlin Multiplatform相关

前言：

最近线上听了Kotlin官网举行的KMP会议，来自不同城市的大佬包括在上学的学生代表都讲解了KMP的发展和使用体验，也有很多大佬在公司项目实际运用了KMP,感觉挺神奇的，学习到了很多知识。于是就把官方demo下载下来尝试了一下，下载插件和所需要的依赖都用了很久，但是发现里面的代码很少，于是尝试自己手写了一下，遇到了不少问题，这里记录一下.

1.定义：

Kotlin Multiplatform 技术可为多种平台创建应用程序并在平台之间高效重用代码，同时保留原生编程的优势。您的应用程序将在 iOS、Android、macOS、Windows、Linux 等平台上运行。

Compose Multiplatform 是 JetBrains 推出的声明式 UI 框架，可让您为 Android、iOS、桌面和 Web 开发共享 UI。将 Compose Multiplatform 集成到 Kotlin Multiplatform 项目中，更快交付应用和功能，而无需维护多个 UI 实现。

2.适合各类项目：

3.优点

使用 Compose Multiplatform 只需构建一次 UI

Compose Multiplatform 是一个基于 Kotlin 和 Jetpack Compose 的声明式框架，用于在 Android、iOS、Web 和桌面（通过 JVM）之间共享 UI。

加速 UI 开发

轻松同步多个 UI 实现，让应用更快交付到用户手中。

组件级重用

使用可在所有目标平台上使用的可自定义微件构建您的 UI。使用预设主题快速开始，或自行创建细节可精确至像素的视觉风格。

根据需要使用原生组件

轻松使用原生 UI 微件或将共享 UI 嵌入现有原生应用。

4.需要几个硬性条件：

在使用 KMP + Compose 进行开发时，需要以下条件，由于没有mac就暂时不跑ios项目，目前是直接安装的插件创建新的KMPProject.

• Mac电脑（苹果开发必须mac）
• Android Studio
• Xcode
• 配置 ios 开发环境（cocoapods、开发者账号等）

5.项目结构：

################## 目录结构说明 ##################
```
.
├── README.md
├── app - 主应用
│   ├── build.gradle.kts
│   ├── MainActivity
│   ├── libs
│   └── src
├── commonMain -公共组件
│   ├── app
│   ├── Greeting
│   ├── Platform
├── appleMain - ios平台
│   ├── getPlatform
├── iosMain - ios业务代码
│   ├── MainViewController
│   └── IOSPlatform
├── gradle
│   └── wrapper
├── gradle.properties
├── gradlew
├── gradlew.bat
├── build.gradle.kts
├── local.properties
└── settings.gradle.kts
```
################## 目录结构说明 ##################

6.App目录下的build.gradle.kts配置：

import org.jetbrains.compose.desktop.application.dsl.TargetFormat
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.idea.tcs.extras.isCommonizedKey
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.ExperimentalKotlinGradlePluginApi
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
plugins {
    alias(libs.plugins.kotlinMultiplatform)
    alias(libs.plugins.androidApplication)
    alias(libs.plugins.composeMultiplatform)
    alias(libs.plugins.composeCompiler)
}
kotlin {
    androidTarget {
        @OptIn(ExperimentalKotlinGradlePluginApi::class)
        compilerOptions {
            jvmTarget.set(JvmTarget.JVM_11)
        }
    }

    listOf(
        iosX64(),
        iosArm64(),
        iosSimulatorArm64()
    ).forEach { iosTarget ->
        iosTarget.binaries.framework {
            baseName = "ComposeApp"
            isStatic = true
        }
    }

    sourceSets {

        androidMain.dependencies {
            implementation(compose.preview)
            implementation(libs.androidx.activity.compose)
        }
        commonMain.dependencies {
            implementation(compose.runtime)
            implementation(compose.foundation)
            implementation(compose.material)
            implementation(compose.ui)
            implementation(compose.components.resources)
            implementation(compose.components.uiToolingPreview)
            implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel)
            implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.runtime.compose)
            implementation(libs.androidx.constraintlayout)
        }
    }
}

android {
    namespace = "com.cloud.androidkmpdemo"
    compileSdk = libs.versions.android.compileSdk.get().toInt()

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId = "com.cloud.androidkmpdemo"
        minSdk = libs.versions.android.minSdk.get().toInt()
        targetSdk = libs.versions.android.targetSdk.get().toInt()
        versionCode = 1
        versionName = "1.0"
    }
    packaging {
        resources {
            excludes += "/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}"
        }
    }
    buildTypes {
        getByName("release") {
            isMinifyEnabled = false
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    }
    compose.desktop {
        application {
            mainClass = "com.example.composeApp.MainKt"

            nativeDistributions {
                targetFormats(TargetFormat.Dmg, TargetFormat.Msi, TargetFormat.Deb)
                packageName = "com.cloud.kmpdemo"
                packageVersion = "1.0.0"
                // 描述应用程序
                description = "A simple demo for KMP"
                // 版权信息
                copyright = "© 2024 My Name. All rights reserved."
                // 厂商信息
                vendor = "Example vendor"
                // 设置许可证文件
                licenseFile.set(project.file("LICENSE.txt"))
            }
        }
    }
}
dependencies {
    debugImplementation(compose.uiTooling)
}

7.项目的build.gradle.kts配置：

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
plugins {
    alias(libs.plugins.androidApplication) apply false
    alias(libs.plugins.androidLibrary) apply false
    alias(libs.plugins.composeMultiplatform) apply false
    alias(libs.plugins.composeCompiler) apply false
    alias(libs.plugins.kotlinMultiplatform) apply false
    alias(libs.plugins.jetbrainsKotlinAndroid) apply false
}

8.统一的依赖配置：

[versions]
agp = "8.5.2"
android-compileSdk = "34"
android-minSdk = "24"
android-targetSdk = "34"
androidx-activityCompose = "1.9.3"
androidx-appcompat = "1.7.0"
androidx-constraintlayout = "2.2.0"
androidx-core-ktx = "1.15.0"
androidx-espresso-core = "3.6.1"
androidx-lifecycle = "2.8.4"
androidx-material = "1.12.0"
androidx-test-junit = "1.2.1"
compose-multiplatform = "1.7.0"
junit = "4.13.2"
kotlin = "2.1.0"
kotlinVersion = "1.9.0"

[libraries]
kotlin-test = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test", version.ref = "kotlin" }
kotlin-test-junit = { module = "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit", version.ref = "kotlin" }
junit = { group = "junit", name = "junit", version.ref = "junit" }
androidx-core-ktx = { group = "androidx.core", name = "core-ktx", version.ref = "androidx-core-ktx" }
androidx-test-junit = { group = "androidx.test.ext", name = "junit", version.ref = "androidx-test-junit" }
androidx-espresso-core = { group = "androidx.test.espresso", name = "espresso-core", version.ref = "androidx-espresso-core" }
androidx-appcompat = { group = "androidx.appcompat", name = "appcompat", version.ref = "androidx-appcompat" }
androidx-material = { group = "com.google.android.material", name = "material", version.ref = "androidx-material" }
androidx-constraintlayout = { group = "androidx.constraintlayout", name = "constraintlayout", version.ref = "androidx-constraintlayout" }
androidx-activity-compose = { module = "androidx.activity:activity-compose", version.ref = "androidx-activityCompose" }
androidx-lifecycle-viewmodel = { group = "org.jetbrains.androidx.lifecycle", name = "lifecycle-viewmodel", version.ref = "androidx-lifecycle" }
androidx-lifecycle-runtime-compose = { group = "org.jetbrains.androidx.lifecycle", name = "lifecycle-runtime-compose", version.ref = "androidx-lifecycle" }

[plugins]
androidApplication = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
androidLibrary = { id = "com.android.library", version.ref = "agp" }
composeMultiplatform = { id = "org.jetbrains.compose", version.ref = "compose-multiplatform" }
composeCompiler = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.compose", version.ref = "kotlin" }
kotlinMultiplatform = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform", version.ref = "kotlin" }
jetbrainsKotlinAndroid = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android", version.ref = "kotlinVersion" }

9.公共组件：

负责各平台通信的组件，包含iOS和Android等，根据不同的平台获取读取当前设备的版本和类型，打印平台名称和版本号。

9.1 Platform接口：

interface Platform {
    val name: String
}

expect fun getPlatform(): Platform

9.2 Greeting类：

class Greeting {
    private val platform = getPlatform()

    fun greet(): String {
        return "Hello, ${platform.name}!"
    }
}

9.3 App类：

package com.cloud.kmpdemo

import androidkmpdemo.app.generated.resources.Res
import androidkmpdemo.app.generated.resources.compose_multiplatform
import androidx.compose.animation.AnimatedVisibility
import androidx.compose.foundation.Image
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
import androidx.compose.material.AlertDialog
import androidx.compose.material.Button
import androidx.compose.material.MaterialTheme
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.material.TextButton
import androidx.compose.runtime.*
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import org.jetbrains.compose.resources.painterResource
import org.jetbrains.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview


@Composable
@Preview
fun App() {
    MaterialTheme {
        var showContent by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
        var showDialog by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
        Column(Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally) {
            Button(onClick = { showContent = !showContent }) {
                Text("Click me")
            }
            Button(onClick = { showDialog = !showDialog }) {
                Text("show Dialog")
            }
            AnimatedVisibility(showContent) {
                val greeting = remember { Greeting().greet() }
                Column(Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally) {
                    Image(painterResource(Res.drawable.compose_multiplatform), null)
                    Text("Compose: $greeting")
                }
            }
            AnimatedVisibility(showDialog) {
                Column(Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally) {
                    AlertDialogSample()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

@Composable
@Preview
fun AlertDialogSample(){
    val dialog = remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
    if(dialog.value){
        AlertDialog(
            onDismissRequest = { dialog.value = false},
            title = { Text(text = "开启位置服务")},
            text = { Text(text = "这将意味着,我们会给您提供精准的位置服务，并且您将接受关于您订阅的位置信息。") },
            confirmButton = {
                TextButton(
                    onClick = { dialog.value = false}
                ){
                    Text(text = "同意")
                }
            },
            dismissButton = {
                TextButton(
                    onClick = {
                        dialog.value = false
                    }
                ){
                    Text(text = "取消")
                }
            }

        )
    }
}

10.Android代码：

本文我在原来的基础上加入了一个弹框示例AlertDialogSample()

package com.cloud.kmpdemo

import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview

class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
            setContent(){
                App()
            }
    }
}

@Preview
@Composable
fun AppAndroidPreview() {
    App()
}

@Preview
@Composable
fun DialogAndroidPreview() {
    //显示dialog
    AlertDialogSample()
}

package com.cloud.kmpdemo

import android.os.Build

/**
 * 获取平台版本信息
 */
class AndroidPlatform : Platform {
    override val name: String = "Android ${Build.VERSION.SDK_INT}"
}

actual fun getPlatform(): Platform = AndroidPlatform()

11.ios平台代码：

package org.example.kmpdemo

import androidx.compose.ui.window.ComposeUIViewController
import com.cloud.kmpdemo.App

fun MainViewController() = ComposeUIViewController { App() }

package org.example.kmpdemo

import com.cloud.kmpdemo.Platform
import platform.UIKit.UIDevice

class IOSPlatform: Platform {
    override val name: String = UIDevice.currentDevice.systemName() + " " + UIDevice.currentDevice.systemVersion
}

actual fun getPlatform(): Platform = IOSPlatform()

12.ios业务代码：

import UIKit
import SwiftUI
import ComposeApp
​
struct ComposeView: UIViewControllerRepresentable {
    func makeUIViewController(context: Context) -> UIViewController {
        MainViewControllerKt.MainViewController()
    }
​
    func updateUIViewController(_ uiViewController: UIViewController, context: Context) {}
}
​
struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        ComposeView()
                .ignoresSafeArea(.keyboard) // Compose has own keyboard handler
    }
}

import SwiftUI
​
@main
struct iOSApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            ContentView()
        }
    }
}

info.plist：

和Android的build.gradle配置文件一样,都是管理依赖和第三方库的.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
    <string>$(DEVELOPMENT_LANGUAGE)</string>
    <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
    <string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
    <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
    <string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
    <key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
    <string>6.0</string>
    <key>CFBundleName</key>
    <string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
    <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
    <string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_PACKAGE_TYPE)</string>
    <key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
    <string>1.0</string>
    <key>CFBundleVersion</key>
    <string>1</string>
    <key>LSRequiresIPhoneOS</key>
    <true/>
    <key>CADisableMinimumFrameDurationOnPhone</key>
    <true/>
    <key>UIApplicationSceneManifest</key>
    <dict>
       <key>UIApplicationSupportsMultipleScenes</key>
       <false/>
    </dict>
    <key>UILaunchScreen</key>
    <dict/>
    <key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
    <array>
       <string>armv7</string>
    </array>
    <key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
    <array>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
    </array>
    <key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations~ipad</key>
    <array>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown</string>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
       <string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
    </array>
</dict>
</plist>

13.运行效果如下

14.总结：

• (KMP) 支持跨不同平台共享 Kotlin 代码。Kotlin Multiplatform 由 JetBrains 开发，将 KMP 用于定位移动平台的功能
• 在KMP开发时使用Compose时很方便，代码简洁，结构清晰.
• 在刚开始学习时需要大家搞清楚流程和原理，后面进行开发事半功倍.
• 多尝试，多动手，遇到问题不要慌，多查找资料总能解决.
• 参考资料 developer.android.google.cn/kotlin/mult…

15.项目源码地址：

gitee.com/jackning_ad…