1.数字类型
int(整形)
64位操作系统上,整数的位数为64位,取值范围为-2的63次方到2的63次方-1,即-9223372036854775808~9223372036854775807。
>>> type(1)
<class 'int'>
long(长整形)
没有限制,但由于机器内存有限,我们使用的长整形数值不可能无限大。python2.2起,如果整数太大发生溢出,python会自动将整形转为长整形。python3里不再有长整形了,全是整形。
#python2
>>> type(1111111111111111111111111111111111)
<type 'long'>
#python3
>>> type(1111111111111111111111111111111111)
<class 'int'>
float(浮点型)
即小数,如 3.14。
>>> type(3.14)
<class 'float'>
2.字符串类型(str)
定义:在 python 中,加了引号(单,双,三)的字符,都被认为是字符串。
特性:不可修改;有索引可切片。
>>> name = 'ymf'
>>> name[0]
'y'
>>> name[1]
'm'
>>> name[2]
'f'
>>> name[0:2] #顾头不顾尾
'ym'
多行字符串:
>>> msg = '''Hello~
... My name is mengfanyu,
... My favorite food is candy,
... and ice cream.
... '''
>>> msg
'Hello~\nMy name is mengfanyu,\nMy favorite food is candy,\nand ice cream.\n'
>>> print(msg)
Hello~
My name is mengfanyu,
My favorite food is candy,
and ice cream.
字符串拼接:
>>> name = 'ymf'
>>> food = 'candy'
>>> name + ' like ' + food + ' !'
'ymf like candy !'
字符串内引用外部变量:
name = 'ymf'
age = 13
hobbie = 'candy'
msg = '''
----------xxx info----------
name:xxx
age:xxx
hobbie:xxx
-------------end-------------
'''
print(msg)
----------xxx info----------
name:xxx
age:xxx
hobbie:xxx
-------------end-------------
# 方式一:占位符(%s str;%d digit;%f float)
name = 'ymf'
age = 13
hobbie = 'candy'
msg = '''
----------%s info----------
name:%s
age:%s
hobbie:%s
-------------end-------------
'''%(name,name,age,hobbie)
print(msg)
# 方式二(python3支持):
name = 'ymf'
age = 13
hobbie = 'candy'
msg = f'''
----------{name} info----------
name:{name}
age:{age}
hobbie:{hobbie}
-------------end-------------
'''
print(msg)
3.布尔类型(bool)
- 就两个值,True(真)、False(假)。
- 用作程序中的逻辑判断。
>>> a = 3
>>> b = 5
>>> a < b
True
>>> a > b
False
4.列表(list)
>>> name_list = ["Zhao","Qian","Sun","Li"]
>>> type(name_list)
<class 'list'>
#增
>>> name_list
['Zhao', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li']
>>> name_list.append("Zhou")
>>> name_list
['Zhao', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li', 'Zhou']
>>> name_list.insert(1,"Ymf")
>>> name_list
['Zhao', 'Ymf', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li', 'Zhou']
#删
>>> del name_list[5]
>>> name_list
['Zhao', 'Ymf', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li']
>>> name_list.remove("Ymf")
>>> name_list
['Zhao', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li']
#改
>>> name_list[0] = "Zheng"
>>> name_list
['Zheng', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li']
#查
>>> name_list[1]
'Qian'
>>> name_list.index("Qian")
1
#切片
>>> name_list
['Zheng', 'Qian', 'Sun', 'Li']
>>> name_list[0:2] #顾头不顾尾
['Zheng', 'Qian']
>>> name_list[-3:-1] #负数表示从右开始
['Qian', 'Sun']
>>> name_list[0:2:2] #第三个数字表示步长,默认1
['Zheng']
5.其他数据类型
- 集合set:处理两组数据之间的关系
- 字典dict:存储更多信息,加快查询速度
- 字节bytes:二进制数据,处理图片、视频等