1. gradle生命周期
生命周期分为三个阶段
Initialization初始化阶段:各工程初始化，解析settings.gradle，构建project对象Configuration配置阶段:执行所有build.gradle的配置代码，解析所有project对象中的task，构建task的有向无环图。Execution执行阶段： 执行task。
2. Project和Task构建流程
API文档：public interface Gradle
| 方法名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| beforeSettings | 在setting.gradle 被加载和解析之前调用 |
| settingsEvaluated | 在settings.gradle被加载和解析时调用 |
| projectsLoaded | 当settings.gradle包含的项目的project实例都被创建但是还未被解析时调用 |
| beforeProject | 当每一个Project实例被解析之前调用,注意是解析,这时Project已经被创建了 |
| afterProject | 当每一个Project实例被解析之后调用,注意是解析,这时Project已经被创建了 |
| projectsEvaluated | 当所有的Project实例都被解析后调用 |
| buildStarted | 当构建开始前调用 |
| buildFinished | 当构建结束后调用 |
| whenReady | 当Tasks关系依赖图创建成功时 |
| beforeTask | 当Task执行前调用 |
| afterTask | 当Task执行后调用 |
执行顺序如下：
/**
* 配置阶段开始前的监听回调
*/
this.beforeEvaluate {
println '配置阶段执行前'
}
/**
* 配置阶段后的监听回调
*/
this.afterEvaluate {
println '配置阶段执行后'
}
/**
* gradle执行完毕后的回调
*/
this.gradle.buildFinished {
println '执行阶段完成后'
}
//等同于 beforeEvaluate
this.gradle.beforeProject {
}
//等同于 afterEvaluate
this.gradle.afterProject {
println '配置阶段执行完毕'
}
2. 任务列表
// 查看任务
./gradlew tasks
// 查看所有任务
./gradlew tasks --all
任务列表如下：
Android tasks
-------------
androidDependencies - Displays the Android dependencies of the project.
signingReport - Displays the signing info for the base and test modules
sourceSets - Prints out all the source sets defined in this project.
Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assemble main outputs for all the variants.
assembleAndroidTest - Assembles all the Test applications.
build - Assembles and tests this project.
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.
bundle - Assemble bundles for all the variants.
clean - Deletes the build directory.
cleanBuildCache - Deletes the build cache directory.
compileDebugAndroidTestSources
compileDebugSources
compileDebugUnitTestSources
compileReleaseSources
compileReleaseUnitTestSources
Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build.
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files.
Cleanup tasks
-------------
lintFix - Runs lint on all variants and applies any safe suggestions to the source code.
Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in root project 'Demo2'.
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'Demo2'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'Demo2'.
help - Displays a help message.
javaToolchains - Displays the detected java toolchains. [incubating]
outgoingVariants - Displays the outgoing variants of root project 'Demo2'.
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'Demo2'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'Demo2'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'Demo2' (some of the displayed tasks may belong to subprojects).
taskTree - Prints task dependency tree.
Install tasks
-------------
installDebug - Installs the Debug build.
installDebugAndroidTest - Installs the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
installRelease - Installs the Release build.
uninstallAll - Uninstall all applications.
uninstallDebug - Uninstalls the Debug build.
uninstallDebugAndroidTest - Uninstalls the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
uninstallRelease - Uninstalls the Release build.
Verification tasks
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
connectedAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests for all flavors on connected devices.
connectedCheck - Runs all device checks on currently connected devices.
connectedDebugAndroidTest - Installs and runs the tests for debug on connected devices.
deviceAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests using all Device Providers.
deviceCheck - Runs all device checks using Device Providers and Test Servers.
lint - Runs lint on all variants.
lintDebug - Runs lint on the Debug build.
lintRelease - Runs lint on the Release build.
lintVitalRelease - Runs lint on just the fatal issues in the release build.
test - Run unit tests for all variants.
testDebugUnitTest - Run unit tests for the debug build.
testReleaseUnitTest - Run unit tests for the release build.
3. assembleDebug任务构建过程
./gradlew assembleDebug运行后打印任务如下：
Executing tasks: [:app:assembleDebug, :app:assembleDebugUnitTest, :app:assembleDebugAndroidTest] in project E:\git\Demo2
> Task :app:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :app:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :app:compileDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:compileDebugAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:checkDebugManifest
> Task :app:generateDebugBuildConfig
> Task :app:mainApkListPersistenceDebug
> Task :app:generateDebugResValues
> Task :app:generateDebugResources
> Task :app:javaPreCompileDebug
> Task :app:createDebugCompatibleScreenManifests
> Task :app:processDebugManifest
> Task :app:mergeDebugShaders
> Task :app:compileDebugShaders
> Task :app:generateDebugAssets
> Task :app:mergeDebugAssets
> Task :app:processDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses
> Task :app:mergeDebugResources
> Task :app:processDebugResources
> Task :app:mergeExtDexDebug
> Task :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac
> Task :app:compileDebugSources
> Task :app:mergeLibDexDebug
> Task :app:transformClassesWithDexBuilderForDebug
> Task :app:mergeDebugJavaResource
> Task :app:validateSigningDebug
> Task :app:signingConfigWriterDebug
> Task :app:mergeProjectDexDebug
> Task :app:mergeDebugJniLibFolders
> Task :app:preDebugUnitTestBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :app:javaPreCompileDebugUnitTest
> Task :app:compileDebugUnitTestJavaWithJavac NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:processDebugUnitTestJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:compileDebugUnitTestSources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :app:assembleDebugUnitTest UP-TO-DATE
> Task :app:bundleDebugClasses
> Task :app:preDebugAndroidTestBuild SKIPPED
> Task :app:compileDebugAndroidTestAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:processDebugAndroidTestManifest
> Task :app:compileDebugAndroidTestRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:generateDebugAndroidTestBuildConfig
> Task :app:javaPreCompileDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:mainApkListPersistenceDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:generateDebugAndroidTestResValues
> Task :app:generateDebugAndroidTestResources
> Task :app:mergeDebugAndroidTestResources
> Task :app:processDebugAndroidTestResources
> Task :app:compileDebugAndroidTestJavaWithJavac
> Task :app:compileDebugAndroidTestSources
> Task :app:mergeDebugNativeLibs
> Task :app:stripDebugDebugSymbols
> Task :app:packageDebug
> Task :app:assembleDebug
> Task :app:mergeDebugAndroidTestShaders
> Task :app:compileDebugAndroidTestShaders
> Task :app:generateDebugAndroidTestAssets
> Task :app:mergeDebugAndroidTestAssets
> Task :app:processDebugAndroidTestJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :app:mergeDebugAndroidTestJniLibFolders
> Task :app:mergeDebugAndroidTestJavaResource
> Task :app:checkDebugAndroidTestDuplicateClasses
> Task :app:mergeExtDexDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:mergeLibDexDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:transformClassesWithDexBuilderForDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:mergeDebugAndroidTestNativeLibs
> Task :app:validateSigningDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:signingConfigWriterDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:mergeProjectDexDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:packageDebugAndroidTest
> Task :app:assembleDebugAndroidTest
BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 50s
49 actionable tasks: 49 executed
3.1 查看任务关系树
可以使用插件来查看任务关系树，在项目级build.gradle中加入插件依赖
task-tree : github.com/dorongold/g…
task-tree版本和gradle版本对应关系：
| task-tree | gradle |
|---|---|
| 1.5(下载失败) | 2.3 - 6.7.1 |
| 3.0.0 | 6.8 - 7.5.1 |
| 4.0.0 | 8.0+ |
buildscript {
repositories {
maven {
url "https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/"
}
}
dependencies {
classpath "com.dorongold.plugins:task-tree:3.0.0"
}
}
apply plugin: "com.dorongold.task-tree"
执行任务查看任务依赖树
./gradlew build taskTree
运行结果：
:app:build
+--- :app:assemble
| +--- :app:assembleDebug
| | +--- :app:compileDebugSources
| | | \--- :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac
| | | +--- :app:compileDebugAidl
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild
| | | | \--- :app:preBuild
| | | +--- :app:compileDebugRenderscript
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | +--- :app:generateDebugBuildConfig
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | +--- :app:javaPreCompileDebug
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processDebugResources
| | | +--- :app:checkDebugAarMetadata
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | +--- :app:mergeDebugResources
| | | | +--- :app:generateDebugResources
| | | | | +--- :app:compileDebugRenderscript *
| | | | | \--- :app:generateDebugResValues
| | | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | +--- :app:processDebugManifest
| | | | +--- :app:createDebugCompatibleScreenManifests
| | | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | \--- :app:processDebugMainManifest
| | | | +--- :app:extractDeepLinksDebug
| | | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processDebugManifestForPackage
| | | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processDebugManifest *
| | +--- :app:mergeDebugNativeDebugMetadata
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | \--- :app:packageDebug
| | +--- :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac *
| | +--- :app:compressDebugAssets
| | | +--- :app:mergeDebugAssets
| | | | +--- :app:compileDebugShaders
| | | | | +--- :app:mergeDebugShaders
| | | | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | +--- :app:generateDebugAssets
| | | | | \--- :app:compileDebugShaders *
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | +--- :app:mergeDebugAssets *
| | +--- :app:mergeDebugJavaResource
| | | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processDebugJavaRes
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | +--- :app:mergeExtDexDebug
| | | +--- :app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | +--- :app:mergeLibDexDebug
| | | +--- :app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses *
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | +--- :app:mergeProjectDexDebug
| | | +--- :app:checkDebugDuplicateClasses *
| | | +--- :app:dexBuilderDebug
| | | | +--- :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac *
| | | | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | \--- :app:processDebugResources *
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | +--- :app:processDebugManifestForPackage *
| | +--- :app:processDebugResources *
| | +--- :app:stripDebugDebugSymbols
| | | +--- :app:mergeDebugNativeLibs
| | | | +--- :app:mergeDebugJniLibFolders
| | | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | \--- :app:validateSigningDebug
| | \--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| \--- :app:assembleRelease
| +--- :app:compileReleaseSources
| | \--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac
| | +--- :app:compileReleaseAidl
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild
| | | +--- :app:extractProguardFiles
| | | | \--- :app:preBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preBuild *
| | +--- :app:compileReleaseRenderscript
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:generateReleaseBuildConfig
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:javaPreCompileRelease
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:processReleaseResources
| | +--- :app:checkReleaseAarMetadata
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:mergeReleaseResources
| | | +--- :app:generateReleaseResources
| | | | +--- :app:compileReleaseRenderscript *
| | | | \--- :app:generateReleaseResValues
| | | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:processReleaseManifest
| | | +--- :app:createReleaseCompatibleScreenManifests
| | | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processReleaseMainManifest
| | | +--- :app:extractDeepLinksRelease
| | | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:processReleaseManifestForPackage
| | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:processReleaseManifest *
| +--- :app:lintVitalRelease
| | +--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac *
| | +--- :app:processReleaseMainManifest *
| | +--- :app:processReleaseManifestForPackage *
| | \--- :app:processReleaseResources *
| +--- :app:mergeReleaseNativeDebugMetadata
| | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| \--- :app:packageRelease
| +--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac *
| +--- :app:compressReleaseAssets
| | +--- :app:mergeReleaseAssets
| | | +--- :app:compileReleaseShaders
| | | | +--- :app:mergeReleaseShaders
| | | | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | +--- :app:generateReleaseAssets
| | | | \--- :app:compileReleaseShaders *
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| +--- :app:mergeReleaseAssets *
| +--- :app:minifyReleaseWithR8
| | +--- :app:checkReleaseDuplicateClasses
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac *
| | +--- :app:mergeReleaseGeneratedProguardFiles
| | | +--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac *
| | | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processReleaseResources *
| | +--- :app:mergeReleaseJavaResource
| | | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | \--- :app:processReleaseJavaRes
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:processReleaseResources *
| +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| +--- :app:processReleaseManifestForPackage *
| +--- :app:processReleaseResources *
| +--- :app:sdkReleaseDependencyData
| | +--- :app:collectReleaseDependencies
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| +--- :app:stripReleaseDebugSymbols
| | +--- :app:mergeReleaseNativeLibs
| | | +--- :app:mergeReleaseJniLibFolders
| | | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| | \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| \--- :app:validateSigningRelease
| \--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
\--- :app:check
+--- :app:lint
| +--- :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac *
| +--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac *
| +--- :app:processDebugMainManifest *
| +--- :app:processDebugManifestForPackage *
| +--- :app:processDebugResources *
| +--- :app:processReleaseMainManifest *
| +--- :app:processReleaseManifestForPackage *
| \--- :app:processReleaseResources *
\--- :app:test
+--- :app:testDebugUnitTest
| +--- :app:bundleDebugClasses
| | +--- :app:compileDebugJavaWithJavac *
| | +--- :app:preDebugBuild *
| | \--- :app:processDebugResources *
| +--- :app:compileDebugUnitTestJavaWithJavac
| | +--- :app:bundleDebugClasses *
| | +--- :app:javaPreCompileDebugUnitTest
| | | \--- :app:preDebugUnitTestBuild
| | | \--- :app:preBuild *
| | +--- :app:preDebugUnitTestBuild *
| | \--- :app:processDebugResources *
| +--- :app:preDebugUnitTestBuild *
| +--- :app:processDebugJavaRes *
| +--- :app:processDebugResources *
| \--- :app:processDebugUnitTestJavaRes
| \--- :app:preDebugUnitTestBuild *
\--- :app:testReleaseUnitTest
+--- :app:bundleReleaseClasses
| +--- :app:compileReleaseJavaWithJavac *
| +--- :app:preReleaseBuild *
| \--- :app:processReleaseResources *
+--- :app:compileReleaseUnitTestJavaWithJavac
| +--- :app:bundleReleaseClasses *
| +--- :app:javaPreCompileReleaseUnitTest
| | \--- :app:preReleaseUnitTestBuild
| | +--- :app:extractProguardFiles *
| | \--- :app:preBuild *
| +--- :app:preReleaseUnitTestBuild *
| \--- :app:processReleaseResources *
+--- :app:preReleaseUnitTestBuild *
+--- :app:processReleaseJavaRes *
+--- :app:processReleaseResources *
\--- :app:processReleaseUnitTestJavaRes
\--- :app:preReleaseUnitTestBuild *
4. 插入自定义任务
build.gradle加入自定义任务cleanCache，可以在项目clean时自动清理一些编译期间生成的数据
task cleanCache {
doLast {
// delete files
println "cleanCache"
}
}
afterEvaluate {
clean.dependsOn cleanCache
}
执行任务查看任务依赖树
./gradlew clean taskTree
结果如下：
:app:clean
\--- :app:cleanCache
clean任务依赖cleanCache，在执行clean时，会先执行cleanCache
Executing tasks: [clean] in project E:\git\Demo2
> Configure project :app
config.gradle load start
> Task :app:cleanCache
cleanCache
> Task :app:clean UP-TO-DATE
BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 465ms
2 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 1 up-to-date
5. 修改打包apk名称
默认打包产物名称是app-debug.apk，没有任何标记，希望文件名包含打包分支、版本号、git号和打包时间等等信息，此时可以通过gradle来自动修改
android {
// ...
flavorDimensions "market"
productFlavors {
xiaomi {
dimension "market"
}
huawei {
dimension "market"
}
}
// 修改编译产物的输出名称
applicationVariants.all { variant ->
variant.outputs.all { output ->
// 这里可以使用variant.buildType.name来获取构建类型名称
def outputFile = output.outputFile
// 新的apk名称格式：app-type-build.apk
def branchName = getGitBranchName()
def gitSha = getGitSHA()
def curTime = getCurTime()
def channelName = variant.productFlavors[0].name // 渠道名称
def buildTypeName = variant.buildType.name
// newname = app_master_3b4a04ab_huawei_debug_202406291440.apk
def newName = "${project.name}_${branchName}_${gitSha}_${channelName}_${buildTypeName}_${curTime}.apk"
println("newName=" + newName)
// 重命名apk文件
outputFileName = newName
}
}
}
static def getCurTime() {
return new Date().format("yyyyMMddHHmm", TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+08:00"))
}
static def getGitBranchName() {
return 'git symbolic-ref --short -q HEAD'.execute().text.trim()
}
static def getGitSHA() {
// return 'git rev-parse --short HEAD'.execute().text.trim() // 只有七位
return 'git rev-parse HEAD'.execute().text.trim().substring(0,8)
}
