ubuntu 22.04 安装后初始环境搭建

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1. 生成 SSH 密钥

迁移旧资料

2. 更换软件源

www.myfreax.com/ubuntu-22-0…

sudo bash -c "cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list && apt update 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF"

预装软件库

sudo apt install -y git vim autossh aptitude curl rsync locate net-tools

redis / mysql 等中间件,只安装 client

sudo apt install -y default-mysql-client redis-tools 

配置及界面工具

sudo apt install -y gnome-tweaks papirus-icon-theme numix-gtk-thme numix-icon-theme

安装 python

sudo apt install -y python3 python3-pip python-is-python3

mkdir -p ~/.pip
cat <<EOF | sudo tee ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]  
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
EOF

sudo mkdir -p /root/.pip
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /root/.pip/pip.conf
[global]  
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
EOF

sudo python -m pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

系统配置

挂载配置

修改 /etc/fstab,注释掉 swapfile 这一行,然后添加 .host 行,否则虚拟文件夹自动挂不进去。

#/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0
.host:/ /mnt/hgfs fuse.vmhgfs-fuse allow_other,defaults 0 0

然后 sudo mount -a 应用配置。

加速关机

关机或重启会遇到 A stop job is running for snappy daemon 这问题, 为了能够快速重启或关机修改配置文件

修改 /etc/systemd/system.conf

DefaultTimeoutStartSec=3s
DefaultTimeoutStopSec=3s

然后:systemctl daemon-reload

安装字体

下载 Sarasa Mono SC 字体

github.com/be5invis/Sa… 下载 TTF 版本即可,解压提取 Mono SC 的版本:

# 先将 ttf 字体文件解压到共享文件夹的 sarasa 目录下
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/fonts
cp /mnt/hgfs/share/sarasa/sarasa-mono-sc-*.ttf ~/.local/share/fonts

界面配置

打开“优化(gnome-tweaks)”,将所有字体设置为“等距更纱黑体”。

image.png

外观界面改成 Numix,图标改成 Papirus:

image.png

安装 IDE

准备好目录,IDE 全部装在 ~/ide 目录里面。

mkdir ~/ide
cd ~/ide

安装 JetBrains 系列 IDE

GoLand:

PyCharm:

WebStorm:

设置 vimrc 偏好

涉及这几个文件:

touch ~/.vimrc
ln -s ~/.vimrc ~/.ideavimrc
vim ~/.vimrc

编辑一下内容:

"echo "Hello friend, This is the VimScript Configuration\n"
"echo "The configuration file is under ~/.vimrc\n"
"echo "\n"
"echo "=============== ATTENTION!!!! ===============\n"
"echo "The vimscript has been configured to a special\n"
"echo "mode, the initial arrow key is disabled. And\n"
"echo "the <esc> key is also disabled, to escape from\n"
"echo "insert mode, press <jk> instead."

" syntax on                       " 自动语法高亮
" colorscheme molokai             " 配色方案

" set nocompatable                " 关闭 vi 兼容模式
set number                      " 显示行号
" set cursorline                  " 突出显示当前行
set ruler                       " 显示标尺栏
set shiftwidth=4                " 设定 << 和 >> 移动宽度为 4
set softtabstop=4               " 设定退格时一次删掉四个空格
set nobackup                    " 覆盖文件时不备份
set autochdir                   " 自动切换当前目录为文件所在目录
set nowrap                      " 不换行
set backspace=indent,eol,start  " 退格键删除自动锁紧/删除上一行回车
set expandtab                   " 使用空格替换 tab
set autoindent                  " 自动缩进
set encoding=utf-8              "


set clipboard+=unnamed          " 添加系统剪贴板到 vim
set paste

" set leader
let mapleader = ',' 

" edit and source the .vimrc file
nnoremap <leader>ev :split ~/.ideavimrc<cr>
nnoremap <leader>sv :source ~/.ideavimrc<cr>

" exit edit mode key
inoremap jk <esc>
inoremap <esc> <nop>

" disable normal direction keys
inoremap <up> <nop>
inoremap <down> <nop>
inoremap <left> <nop>
inoremap <right> <nop>
nnoremap <up> <nop>
nnoremap <down> <nop>
nnoremap <left> <nop>
nnoremap <right> <nop>

安装浏览器

安装 Chromium

sudo aptitude install chromium-browser

彻底卸载 Firefox

sudo apt remove --purge firefox
sudo snap remove --purge firefox

3. 搭建代理

安装 docker

参考:zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/588264423

# Step 1. 添加阿里的 Docker 镜像仓库证书
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/aliyun-docker.gpg

# Step 2. 添加仓库
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/aliyun-docker.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# Step 3. 安装
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce

# Step 4. 将当前用户加入 docker 组
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker