本篇文章给大家介绍如何使用 Docker 部署在企业工作中常用的中间件服务。
Nginx
docker run -d \
-p 80:80 --name nginx-server-conf \
-v /opt/nginx-server-conf:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \
-v /opt/nginxcon/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro \
nginx
设置宿主机 80 端口和容器的 80 端口映射，以及数据卷目录挂载与容器的配置文件所在目录映射。一个是 Nginx 的主页还有一个是服务器配置文件。
Tomat
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 \
-v /opt/tomcat-server:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT \
tomcat:9.0
设置宿主机端口 8080 端口和容器 8080 端口映射，访问宿主机 IP 地址加上 8080 端口就可以查看 Tomcat 主页。
-v 参数设置的是 Tomcat 容器的 webapps 和宿主机的目录映射关系，在宿主机的目录下添加 war 包就可以正常访问你开发的 web app 了。
MySQL
单机部署
MySQL 长期支持版本有 5.7 和 8.0，这里演示的是 5.7。
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
--name mysql \
-v /opt/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /opt/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /opt/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
mysql:5.7
使用 docker-compose 部署：
version: '3.8'
services:
mysql:
image: mysql
container_name: mysql
ports:
- "3306:3306"
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root1234
TZ: "Asia/Shanghai" # 设置容器的时区为上海
volumes:
- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
volumes:
mysql_data:
若要使用 MySQL 内置的客户端访问，输入以下命令：
docker exec -it mysql mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
还可以通过在 docker host 上访问：
# yum -y install mariadb
# mysql -h 192.168.255.157 -uroot -proot -P 3306
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主从复制集群部署
部署主节点
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
--name mysql-master \
-v /opt/mysql-master/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /opt/mysql-master/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /opt/mysql-master/conf:/etc/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
mysql:5.7
配置主节点
# vim /opt/mysql-master/conf/my.cnf
# cat /opt/mysql-master/conf/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve
server_id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
read-only=0
binlog-do-db=kubemsb_test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=sys
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
部署从节点
docker run -d -p 3307:3306 \
--name mysql-slave \
-v /opt/mysql-slave/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /opt/mysql-slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /opt/mysql-slave/conf:/etc/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
--link mysql-master:mysql-master \
mysql:5.7
配置从节点
# vim /opt/mysql-slave/conf/my.cnf
# cat /opt/mysql-slave/conf/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve
server_id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
read-only=1
binlog-do-db=kubemsb_test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=sys
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
集群配置
配置主节点
# mysql -h 192.168.255.157 -uroot -proot -P 3306
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]>
# 授权
MySQL [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'%' identified by '123456';
# 重启容器，使用配置生效
# docker restart mysql-master
# 查看状态
MySQL [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB: kubemsb_test
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
配置从节点
# docker restart mysql-slave
# mysql -h 192.168.255.157 -uroot -proot -P 3307
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='mysql-master', master_user='backup', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=154, master_port=3306;
MySQL [(none)]> start slave;
# 查看从节点状态
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G
Oracle
# oracle数据库连接信息
# port:49161
# sid:xe
# username:system
# password:oracle
# 49160 为ssh端口
# 49161 为sqlplus端口
# 49162 为oem端口
docker run -h oracle --name oracle -d
-p 49160:22 \
-p 49161:1521 \
-p 49162:8080 \
oracleinanutshell/oracle-xe-11g
PostgreSQL
docker run -d \
--name postgres \
-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword \
-e PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata \
-v /custom/mount:/var/lib/postgresql/data \
postgres:11.20-bullseye
ElasticSearch
单个部署
部署 ElasticSearch
docker pull elasticsearch:7.17.0
# 创建数据卷挂载目录
mkdir -p /opt/es/config
mkdir -p /opt/es/data
# 编写配置文件，使得可以远程访问
echo "http.host: 0.0.0.0" >> /opt/es/config/elasticsearch.yml
docker run -d --name elasticsearch \
-p 9200:9200 \
-p 9300:9300 \
-e "discovery.type=single-node" \
-e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" \
-v /opt/es/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml \
-v /opt/es/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
-v /opt/es/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins \
elasticsearch:7.17.0
部署 Kibana
docker run -d --name kibana \
-e ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=http://192.168.255.157:9200 \
-p 5601:5601 \
kibana:7.17.0
使用docker-compose部署
version: '3'
services:
elasticsearch:
image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.17.0
container_name: elasticsearch
environment:
- discovery.type=single-node
ports:
- "9200:9200"
- "9300:9300"
networks:
- elk_network
kibana:
image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.17.0
container_name: kibana
environment:
ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS: "http://elasticsearch:9200"
ports:
- "5601:5601"
networks:
- elk_network
networks:
elk_network:
# 启动容器
docker-compose up -d
Redis
单机部署
# 创建挂载的目录
mkdir -p /opt/redis/conf
# 创建配置文件
touch /opt/redis/conf/redis.conf
docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name redis \
-v /opt/redis/data:/data \
-v /opt/redis/conf:/etc/redis \
redis redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
# 使用redis-cli连接redis服务
# some-redis指的是容器名称
docker run -it --network some-network --rm redis redis-cli -h some-redis
使用 docker-compose 部署：
version: '3.8'
services:
redis:
image: redis:6.0
container_name: redis6.0
ports:
- "6379:6379"
volumes:
- ./data:/data
- ./conf:/etc/redis
restart: unless-stopped
# 指定配置文件并开启持久化
command: redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --appendonly yes
# 使用该参数，container内的root拥有真正的root权限。
# 否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限
privileged: true
volumes:
redis-data:
driver: local
集群部署
安装 redis-cluster：3 主 3 从方式，从为了同步备份，主进行 slot 数据分片。
redis-cluster.sh：
# 编辑运行多个redis容器脚本文件
# vim redis-cluster.sh
# cat redis-cluster.sh
for port in $(seq 8001 8006); \
do \
mkdir -p /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf
touch /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
cat << EOF >/mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
port ${port}
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip 192.168.255.157
cluster-announce-port ${port}
cluster-announce-bus-port 1${port}
appendonly yes
EOF
docker run -p ${port}:${port} -p 1${port}:1${port} --name redis-${port} \
-v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d redis:5.0.7 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf; \
done
执行脚本：
sh redis-cluster.sh
登录 Redis 容器：
docker exec -it redis-8001 bash
创建 redis-cluster：
redis-cli --cluster create \
192.168.255.157:8001 \
192.168.255.157:8002 \
192.168.255.157:8003 \
192.168.255.157:8004 \
192.168.255.157:8005 \
192.168.255.157:8006 \
--cluster-replicas 1
使用 docker-compose 部署：
version: '3'
services:
redis-master-1:
image: redis:6.0
ports:
- "7001:6379"
command: ["redis-server", "--cluster-enabled", "yes", "--cluster-config-file", "/data/nodes.conf", "--cluster-node-timeout", "5000", "--appendonly", "yes"]
volumes:
- redis-master-1-data:/data
redis-master-2:
image: redis:6.0
ports:
- "7002:6379"
command: ["redis-server", "--cluster-enabled", "yes", "--cluster-config-file", "/data/nodes.conf", "--cluster-node-timeout", "5000", "--appendonly", "yes"]
volumes:
- redis-master-2-data:/data
redis-master-3:
image: redis:6.0
ports:
- "7003:6379"
command: ["redis-server", "--cluster-enabled", "yes", "--cluster-config-file", "/data/nodes.conf", "--cluster-node-timeout", "5000", "--appendonly", "yes"]
volumes:
- redis-master-3-data:/data
redis-slave-1:
image: redis:6.0
ports:
- "7004:6379"
command: ["redis-server", "--slaveof", "redis-master-1", "6379", "--appendonly", "yes"]
volumes:
- redis-slave-1-data:/data
redis-slave-2:
image: redis:6.0
ports:
- "7005:6379"
command: ["redis-server", "--slaveof", "redis-master-2", "6379", "--appendonly", "yes"]
volumes:
- redis-slave-2-data:/data
redis-slave-3:
image: redis:6.0
ports:
- "7006:6379"
command: ["redis-server", "--slaveof", "redis-master-3", "6379", "--appendonly", "yes"]
volumes:
- redis-slave-3-data:/data
volumes:
redis-master-1-data:
redis-master-2-data:
redis-master-3-data:
redis-slave-1-data:
redis-slave-2-data:
redis-slave-3-data:
RabbitMQ
# 端口说明：
# 4369, 25672 (Erlang发现&集群端口)
# 5672, 5671 (AMQP端口)
# 15672 (web管理后台端口)
# 61613, 61614 (STOMP协议端口)
# 1883, 8883 (MQTT协议端口)
# 部署带有管理控制台的RabbitMQ
docker run -d --name rabbitmq \
-p 5671:5671 \
-p 5672:5672 \
-p 4369:4369 \
-p 25672:25672 \
-p 15671:15671 \
-p 15672:15672 \
-v /opt/rabbitmq:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
rabbitmq:management
MongoDB
使用 Docker-Compose 同时部署 MongoDB 和 Mongo-Express：
version: '3'
services:
mongodb:
image: mongo
container_name: mongodb
restart: always
volumes:
- ./data/db:/data/db
ports:
- "27017:27017"
environment:
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: your_mongo_username
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: your_mongo_password
mongo-express:
image: mongo-express
container_name: mongo-express
restart: always
ports:
- "27018:8081" # ui的http端口
environment:
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_ADMINUSERNAME: your_mongo_username
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_ADMINPASSWORD: your_mongo_password
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_SERVER: mongodb # 直接通过容器网络通信，要和上面的容器名称一样
MinIO
MinIO 是一款开源免费的对象存储中间件。使用 Docker Compose 部署 MinIO 集群：
version: '3.7'
# 所有容器通用的设置和配置
x-minio-common: &minio-common
image: minio/minio
command: server --console-address ":9001" http://minio{1...4}/data
expose:
- "9000"
# environment:
# MINIO_ROOT_USER: minioadmin
# MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: minioadmin
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:9000/minio/health/live"]
interval: 30s
timeout: 20s
retries: 3
# 启动4个docker容器运行minio服务器实例
# 使用nginx反向代理9000端口，负载均衡, 你可以通过9001、9002、9003、9004端口访问它们的web console
services:
minio1:
<<: *minio-common
hostname: minio1
ports:
- "9001:9001"
volumes:
- ./data/data1:/data
minio2:
<<: *minio-common
hostname: minio2
ports:
- "9002:9001"
volumes:
- ./data/data2:/data
minio3:
<<: *minio-common
hostname: minio3
ports:
- "9003:9001"
volumes:
- ./data/data3:/data
minio4:
<<: *minio-common
hostname: minio4
ports:
- "9004:9001"
volumes:
- ./data/data4:/data
nginx:
image: nginx:1.19.2-alpine
hostname: nginx
volumes:
- ./config/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
ports:
- "9000:9000"
depends_on:
- minio1
- minio2
- minio3
- minio4
在当前目录下新建 config 目录，然后再 config 目录中创建 nginx.conf 文件，配置 nginx 的路由装配置：
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 4096;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
# include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
upstream minio {
server minio1:9000;
server minio2:9000;
server minio3:9000;
server minio4:9000;
}
server {
listen 9000;
listen [::]:9000;
server_name localhost;
# To allow special characters in headers
ignore_invalid_headers off;
# Allow any size file to be uploaded.
# Set to a value such as 1000m; to restrict file size to a specific value
client_max_body_size 0;
# To disable buffering
proxy_buffering off;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
# Default is HTTP/1, keepalive is only enabled in HTTP/1.1
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
chunked_transfer_encoding off;
proxy_pass http://minio;
}
}
}
访问 9000 端口可以进入控制台。
Jaeger
services:
jaeger:
container_name: Jaeger
image: jaegertracing/all-in-one
ports:
- "6831:6831/udp"
- "6832:6832/udp"
- "5778:5778"
- "16686:16686"
- "4317:4317"
- "4318:4318"
- "14250:14250"
- "14268:14268"
- "14269:14269"
- "9411:9411"
environment:
COLLECTOR_ZIPKIN_HOST_PORT: 9411
COLLECTOR_OTLP_ENABLED: true
portainer
Portainer 是一款 Docker 可视化工具，你可以在浏览器页面上查看并且管理所有的安装在本机的 Docker 容器。
version: '3.8'
services:
portainer:
image: portainer/portainer-ce
container_name: portainer
restart: always
ports:
- "8000:8000"
- "9443:9443"
volumes:
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
- ./portainer_data:/data
volumes:
portainer_data:
