C++运算符重载

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运算符重载(Operator Overloading):同一个运算符可以有不同的功能。

通过运算符重载,扩大了C++已有运算符的功能,使之能用于对象。

加号运算符重载

把两个对象的成员分别相加,返回最终的对象

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//加号运算符重载

//1.成员函数做加号运算符重载
class P {
public:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
	P() {};
	P(int a, int b);
    //重载运算符有一个返回类型和一个参数列表
	//P operator+(P& p) 对象作为参数进行传递
	//{
	//	P temp;
	//	temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;  对象的属性使用 this 运算符进行访问
	//	temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
	//	return temp;
	//}
};

P::P(int a, int b) 
{
	this->m_A = a;
	this->m_B = b;
}

//2.全局函数做加号运算符重载
P operator+(P& p1, P& p2) 
{
	P temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
	return temp;
}
void test01() 
{
	P p1(4, 8);
	P p2(6, 2);
	P p3 = p1 + p2; //可以直接用operator+,也可以用+号
	cout << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << p3.m_B << endl;
}

int main() 
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

左移运算符重载

cout 是 ostream 类的对象,cin 是 istream 类的对象

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//左移运算符重载
class P {
    //了能够直接访问private 成员变量,同样需要将该函数声明为友元函数:
	friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& cout, P& p);
private:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
public:
	P(int a, int b) {
		m_A = a;
		m_B = b;
	}
};

//只能用全局函数来重载左移运算符
//由于cout全局只能有一个,所以要采用引用的方式去拿到
ostream& operator<< (ostream& cout, P& p) {

	cout << "p.m_A的值为:" << p.m_A << "  p.m_B的值为:" << p.m_B;
	return cout;//返回了对象的引用,所以重载后的运算符可以实现连续输出

}
int main() {
	P p(10, 20);
	cout << p << " 你好呀" << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

重载++和--运算符

自增++和自减--都是一元运算符,它的前置形式和后置形式都可以被重载。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class MyInterger {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, MyInterger myInt);
public:
	MyInterger() {
		m_Int = 0;
	}

	//重载前置++运算符
	MyInterger& operator++() {
		m_Int++;
		return *this;
	}
	//重载后置++运算符
	//int表示占位参数,可以用来区分前置和后置运算符
	MyInterger operator++(int) {
		MyInterger temp = *this;//先记录当前结果,再进行++操作
		m_Int++;
		return temp;
	}
	//重载前置--运算符
	MyInterger& operator--() {
		m_Int--;
		return *this;
	}
	//重载后置--运算符
	//int表示占位参数,可以用来区分前置和后置运算符
	MyInterger operator--(int) {
		MyInterger temp = *this;//先记录当前结果,再进行--操作
		m_Int--;
		return temp;
	}
private:
	int m_Int;
};

//重载左移运算符
ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, MyInterger myInt) {
	cout << myInt.m_Int;
	return cout;
}
void test01() {
	MyInterger myInt;
	cout << ++myInt << endl;
	cout << ++myInt << endl;
	cout << myInt << endl;
}

void test02() {
	MyInterger myInt;
	cout << myInt++ << endl;
	cout << myInt++ << endl;
	cout << myInt << endl;
}
void test03() {
	MyInterger myInt;
	cout << --myInt << endl;
	cout << --(--myInt) << endl;
	cout << myInt << endl;
}

void test04() {
	MyInterger myInt;
	cout << myInt-- << endl;
	cout << (myInt--)-- << endl;
	cout << myInt << endl;
}
int main() {
	cout << "前置++" << endl;
	test01();
	cout << "后置++" << endl;
	test02();
	cout << "前置--" << endl;
	test03();
	cout << "后置--" << endl;
	test04();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

赋值运算符重载

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//赋值运算符重载

class Person {
public:
	int* m_Age;

	Person(int age) {
		m_Age = new int(age);
	}

	~Person() {
		if (m_Age == NULL) {
			return;
		}
		else {
			delete m_Age;
			m_Age = NULL;
		}
	}

	Person& operator=(Person& p) {
		if (m_Age != NULL) {
			delete m_Age;
			m_Age = NULL;
		}
		//深拷贝
		m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
		return *this;
	}
};

void test01() {
	Person p(18);
	Person p3(20);
	Person p2(30);
	p3 = p = p2;
	cout << "p的年龄为:" << *p.m_Age << endl;
	cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

关系运算符重载

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Person {
public:
	Person(string name, int age) {
		m_Name = name;
		m_Age = age;
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;

	bool operator==(Person& p) {
		if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
			return true;
		}
		else {
			return false;
		}
	}
	bool operator!=(Person& p) {
		if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
			return false;
		}
		else {
			return true;
		}
	}
};

void test01() {
	Person p1("张三", 18);
	Person p2("张三", 34);

	if (p1 != p2) {
		cout << "p1和p2是不相等的" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "p1和p2是相等的" << endl;
	}
}
int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

函数调用运算符重载

  1. 函数调用运算符()也可以进行重载
  2. 由于重载后的使用方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
  3. 仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活