使用docker安装Mariadb过程中出现了很多问题，这里汇总下
启动环境 centos7
一、使用docker-compose启动
1、数据库配置文件
新建mysql/my.cnf文件，作为mysql的配置文件
skip-name-resolve
user=mysql # user为root，会导致下面的报错
character-set-server=utf8
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
lower_case_table_names=1 #忽略表名大小写
# skip-grant-tables 如果密码不生效可以注释这一行，然后进入容器配置密码
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
2、Docker-compose启动
通过docker-compose启动mysql
version: '3'
networks:
app-web:
driver: bridge
services:
mysql:
image: mariadb
ports:
- 3306:3306
command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
restart: always
networks:
- app-web
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
- MYSQL_USER=admin
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
privileged: true
volumes:
- ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
- ./mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
发现报错，容器内文件没有访问权限，用镜像启动的数据库没有root用户。
2021-10-10 12:25:27+08:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MariaDB Server 1:10.6.4+maria~focal started.
2021-10-10 12:25:27+08:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2021-10-10 12:25:27+08:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MariaDB Server 1:10.6.4+maria~focal started.
2021-10-10 12:25:28+08:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
chown: changing ownership of '/var/lib/mysql/': Operation not permitted
Cannot change ownership of the database directories to the 'root'
user. Check that you have the necessary permissions and try again.
- 1、docker-compose.yml 增加配置
privileged:true，还是会有同样的问题，主要是my.cnf中的user=root造成的 - 2、查看资料发现下面两种解决方法
方法一
$ docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin -v /home/epccweb/test:/var/lib/mysql --user 1000:50 mysql:5.7
$ # or whatever user and group id that the container sees on the mounted folder:
$ docker run -it --rm -v /home/epccweb/test:/var/lib/mysql mysql:5.7 ls -aln /var/lib/mysql
由于要先启动容器，在修改，这里已启动就挂，所以没发使用。
方法二
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24288616/permission-denied-on-accessing-host-directory-in-docker 进入主机的vi /etc/selinux/config尝试禁用主机的SELINUX=disabled，发现本来就是禁止的，所以暂时放弃该方法启动数据库
二、使用docker命令行启动数据库
docker run -d --restart=always -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_USER=admin -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='123456' -v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /data/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -v /etc/localtime:/etc/locatime mariadb
成功启动docker镜像
尝试进入数据库，发现报错，但密码不生效
1045 - Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using passwor...)
在my.cnf中增加skip-grant-tables, 跳过密码登陆，然后执行下面命令修改用户密码
use mysql;
update user set password=password("123456") where user="root";
报错信息：
ERROR 1348 (HY000): Column 'Password' is not updatable
// 继续执行报错
MariaDB [mysql]> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MariaDB server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
// 重启下：flush privileges;
// 再次执行
MariaDB [mysql]> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = '123456';
ERROR 1372 (HY000): Password hash should be a 41-digit hexadecimal number
// 对密码进行转化
MariaDB [mysql]> select password(123456)
-> ;
+-------------------------------------------+
| password(123456) |
+-------------------------------------------+
| *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-------------------------------------------+
// reset password
MariaDB [mysql]> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
然后删除my.cnf中的skip-grant-tables,重启容器，使用密码登陆，发现成功
