css学习总结

zhouzhou525
71 阅读2分钟

两列布局(一列定宽）

左列定宽

float +margin

<style>
    .parent {
         background-color: grey;
         width: 300px;
         height: 200px;
     }
     .left {
         float: left;
         width: 100px;      //需要定宽
         height: 100%;
         background-color: skyblue;
     }
    .right {
         margin-left: 110px;
         background-color: greenyellow;
     }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent">
        <div class="left">
             <p>left</p>
        </div>
        <div class="right">
             <p>right</p>
             <p>right</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</html>

absolute + margin

.parent{
        position: relative;
    }

    .side{
         position:absolute;
        width:300px;
        top:0px;
        left:0px;
        background:#F00;
    }

    .main{
        background:#0FC;
        margin-left:300px;
    }

margin-left 负值 + float

<div class="parent">
    <div class="left">
        <p>left</p>
    </div>
    <!-- html部分在这个地方进行了添加，使用right-fix把原有结构包裹住了 -->
    <div class="right-fix">
        <div class="right">
            <p >right</p>
            <p>right</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

.left{
    float: left; width: 100px;
    position: relative; 
}
.right-fix{
    float: right; width: 100%;
    margin-left: -100px;
}
.right{
    margin-left: 120px;
}

BFC

<style>
    .parent {
         background-color: grey;
         width: 300px;
         height: 200px;
     }
     .left {
         float: left;
         width: 100px;      //需要定宽
         height: 100%;
         margin-right: 10px;
         background-color: skyblue;
     }
    .right {
         height: 100%;
        background: #0FC;
        overflow: hidden;
        padding: 20px;
        box-sizing: border-box;
     }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent">
        <div class="left">
             <p>left</p>
        </div>
        <div class="right">
             <p>right</p>
             <p>right</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</html>

table 父元素定宽高

//第一种，同时可以实现等高布局
<style>
    .parent {
        background-color: grey;
        width: 300px;   
        height: 200px;
        display: table;
        table-layout: fixed;
    }
    .left {
        display: table-cell;
        width: 100px;
        background-color: skyblue;

        border-right: 10px solid transparent;
        background-clip: padding-box;   //设置列之间的间距
    }
    .right {
        display: table-cell;
        background-color: greenyellow;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent">
        <div class="left">
             <p>left</p>
        </div>
        <div class="right">
             <p>right</p>
             <p>right</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</html>

//第二种方法
<style>
    .parent {
        background-color: grey;
        width: 300px;
        height: 200px;
        display: table;
        table-layout: fixed;
    }
    .left-container {
        display: table-cell;
        width: 100px;
    }
    .left {
        margin-right: 10px;
        background-color: skyblue;
    }
    .right {
        display: table-cell;
        background-color: greenyellow;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent">
        <div class="left-container">
             <div class="left">
                 <p>left</p>
             </div>
        </div>
        <div class="right">
             <p>right</p>
             <p>right</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</html>

flex

<div class="parent">
     <div class="side"></div>
     <div class="main"></div>
</div>

.parent{
    display: flex;
}

.side{
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    margin-right: 10px;
    background: #555;
}

.main{
    flex: 1;
    background: #ddd;
}

三列布局

float + margin + calc

<style>
    .parent{
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .left, .right{
        float: left;
        width: 100px;
    }
    .center{
        float: left; 
        width:calc(100% - 240px);
        margin: 0 20px;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
        <div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
            <p>left</p>
        </div>    
        <div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
            <p>center</p>
            <p>center</p>
        </div>    
        <div class="right"  style="background-color: lightgreen;">
            <p>right</p>
        </div>        
    </div>
</html>

table

<style>
    .parent{
        display: table; 
        width: 100%;
        table-layout: fixed;
    }
    .left,.right,.centerWrap{
        display:table-cell;
    }
    .left,.right{
        width: 100px;
    }
    .center{
        margin: 0 20px;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
        <div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
            <p>left</p>
        </div>    
        <div class="centerWrap" style="background-color: orange;">
            <div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
                <p>center</p>
                <p>center</p>
            </div>        
        </div>        
        <div class="right"  style="background-color: lightgreen;">
            <p>right</p>
        </div>            
    </div>
</html>

圣杯布局

<style>
    .wrap{
        padding-left: 200px;
        padding-right: 150px;
    } 
    .main{
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        float: left;
        background: deeppink;
    }
    .aside{
        position: relative;
        width: 200px;
        float: left;
        margin-left: -100%;
        background: pink;
        right: 200px;
    }
    .ad{
        position: relative;
        width: 150px;
        float: left;
        margin-right: -150px;
        background: pink;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="wrap">
        <div class="main"> main </div>
        <div class="aside"> aside </div>    
        <div class="ad"> ad </div>
    </div>
</html>

双飞翼布局

<style>
    .main{
        width: 100%;
        float: left;
    }
    .main > .inner{
        margin-left: 200px;
        margin-right: 150px;
        background: deeppink;
    }
    .aside{
        width: 200px;
        float: left;
        margin-left: -100%;
        background: pink;
    }
    .ad{
        width: 150px;
        float: left;
        margin-left: -150px;
        background: pink;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="main">
        <div class="inner"> main </div>
    </div>
    <div class="aside"> aside </div>    
    <div class="ad"> ad </div>
</html>

等高布局

负margin

<style>
    .parent{
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .left,.centerWrap,.right{
        float: left;
        width: 50%;
        padding-bottom: 9999px;
        margin-bottom: -9999px;
    }
    .center{
        margin: 0 20px;
    }
    .left,.right{
        width: 25%;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
        <div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
            <p>left</p>
        </div>  
        <div class="centerWrap">
            <div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
                <p>center</p>
                <p>center</p>
            </div>         
        </div>
             
        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
            <p>right</p>
        </div>        
    </div>
</html>

table

<style>
    .parent{
        display: table;
        width: 100%;
        table-layout: fixed;
    }
    .left,.centerWrap,.right{
        display: table-cell;
    }
    .center{
        margin: 0 20px;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
        <div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
            <p>left</p>
        </div>  
        <div class="centerWrap">
            <div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
                <p>center</p>
                <p>center</p>
            </div>         
        </div> 
        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
            <p>right</p>
        </div>        
    </div>
</html>

position

<style>
    .parent{
        position: relative;
        height: 40px;
    }
    .left,.center,.right{
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        bottom: 0;
    }
    .left{
        left: 0;
        width: 100px;
    }
    .center{
        left: 120px;
        right: 120px;
    }
    .right{
        width: 100px;
        right: 0;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
        <div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
            <p>left</p>
        </div>  
        <div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
            <p>center</p>
            <p>center</p>
        </div>          
        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
            <p>right</p>
        </div>        
    </div>
</html>

两端对齐布局

负margin

<style>
    .container{
        margin:50px 10px;
        border-top:1px solid #000;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .main{
        margin-top:10px;
        margin-right:-2%;   
    }
    .item{
        width:23%;
        height:30px;
        line-height: 30px;
        text-align: center;
        margin-right:2%;
        box-sizing:border-box;
        float:left;
        border:1px solid #cbd1d0;
        margin-bottom:10px;
    }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="main">
            <div class="item">头条</div>  
            <div class="item">推荐</div> 
            <div class="item">视频</div> 
            <div class="item">娱乐</div>  
            <div class="item">体育</div>
            <div class="item">高考</div>
            <div class="item">汽车</div>
            <div class="item">科技</div>
            <div class="item">图片</div>
        </div>
    </div>
</html>

text-align: justify

只适用于单列，如果多列，最后一行也可以用加入多个空元素的方法。

<style>
    .main {
       text-align: justify;
       font-size: 0;
     }
     .main li {
       display: inline-block;
       text-align: center;
       margin: 10px;
     }
</style>
<html>
    <div class="main">
        <ul>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>1</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>2</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>3</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>4</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>5</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>6</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>7</span></li>
             <li><div class="img"></div><span>8</span></li>
       </ul>
     </div>
</html>

水平垂直居中

水平居中

水平居中没有什么好说的啦，对于行内元素使用text-align;对于块级元素使用margin: auto（前提是已经为元素设置了适当的 width 宽度）;

垂直居中

单行文本

line-height == height

多行文本

伪元素before/after

<div class="parent">
    <span class="child">etttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttgdfsffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff</span>
</div>
.parent {
  height: 250px;
  text-align: center;
  border: 1px solid;
}
.parent:before {
  content: " ";
  height: 100%;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.child {
   width: 200px;
   display: inline-block;
   word-wrap: break-word;
   border: 1px solid;
   vertical-align: middle;
}

行内元素

line-height

<div class="parent">
　<img class="child" src="./images/7.png"/>
</div>
.parent {
  line-height: 200px; 
}
.child {
    vertical-align: middle;
}

伪元素before/after

<div class="parent">
　<img class="child" src="./images/7.png"/>
</div>
.parent {
  height: 200px;
  border: 1px solid;
}
.parent:before {
  content: " ";
  height: 100%;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.child {
    vertical-align: middle;
}

table-cell ie8+

<div class="parent">
　<img class="child" src="./images/7.png"/>
</div>
.parent {
  height: 200px;
  border: 1px solid;
  display: table-cell;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.child {
  vertical-align: middle;
}

未知宽高

绝对居中+margin:auto

.parent {
   position: relative;
}
.child {
   position: absolute; 
   left: 0; 
   top: 0; 
   right: 0; 
   bottom: 0;
　 margin: auto;
}

绝对定位+transform ie9+

.parent {
   position: relative;
}
.child {
   position: absolute;
　 top: 50%;
　 left: 50%;
　 transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}

flex ie10+

.parent {
   display: flex;
   justify-content: center;
   align-items: center;
}

grid ie10+

.parent {
   display: grid;
   justify-content: center;
   align-items: center;
}

已知宽高

负margin

要考虑兼容性

.parent {
   position: relative;
}
.child {
   position: absolute;
　 top: 50%;
　 left: 50%;
　 margin: -height/2 -width/2;
}

padding

.parent {
   padding: (parent.height-child.height)/2  (parent.width-child.width)/2;
}

absolute + calc ie9+

.parent {
   position: relative;
}
.child {
   position: absolute;
　 top: calc(50% - height/2 );
　 left: calc(50% - height/2 );
}

浮动元素垂直居中

父元素table-cell

#demo {
    width: 300px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: grey;
    
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.fl {
    float: left;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    background-color: black;

}

<div id="demo">
    <div class="fl"></div>
</div>
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