最近对文件的操作比较频繁。这里记录一下常用的几种文件读写的方式。
我这里使用窗体来做测试，例子在文末，可下载。
1：二进制读写
BinaryReader 类
BinaryReader 类用于从文件读取二进制数据。一个 BinaryReader 对象通过向它的构造函数传递 FileStream 对象而被创建。
BinaryWriter 类
BinaryWriter 类用于向文件写入二进制数据。一个 BinaryWriter 对象通过向它的构造函数传递 FileStream 对象而被创建。
实例如下：
/// <summary>
/// 二进制写入文件
/// </summary>
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog saveDlg = new SaveFileDialog();
saveDlg.FileName = "File";
saveDlg.Title = "保存数据";
saveDlg.Filter = "File(*.txt)|*.txt";
saveDlg.DefaultExt = "txt";
saveDlg.AddExtension = true;
//saveDlg.InitialDirectory = "D:AMC Results";
if (saveDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
SaveDatafileWithNewVersion(saveDlg.FileName);
Cursor = Cursors.Default;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 二进制保存文件
/// </summary>
public static void SaveDatafileWithNewVersion(String sFile)
{
//文件格式依次为：内部版本号，...
Stream stream = File.Open(sFile, FileMode.Create);
BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(stream);
bw.Write((Int16)1);//内部版本号，暂时用1,表示版本1,整型
///写入Config对象
bw.Write("泽国江山入战图
");
bw.Write("生民何计乐樵苏
");
bw.Write("凭君莫话封侯事
");
bw.Write("一将功成万骨枯
");
bw.Close();
stream.Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// 打开文件
/// </summary>
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog openDlg = new OpenFileDialog();
openDlg.Title = "File";
openDlg.Filter = "File (*.txt)|*.txt";
if (openDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(new FileStream(openDlg.FileName,
FileMode.Open));
string str = "";
int number = br.ReadInt16();
str += br.ReadString();
str += br.ReadString();
str += br.ReadString();
str += br.ReadString();
richTextBox1.Text = str;
br.Close();
}
}
2：泛型读写：
/// <summary>
/// 泛型写入
/// </summary>
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog saveDlg = new SaveFileDialog();
saveDlg.FileName = "File";
saveDlg.Title = "保存数据";
saveDlg.Filter = "File(*.txt)|*.txt";
saveDlg.DefaultExt = "txt";
saveDlg.AddExtension = true;
//saveDlg.InitialDirectory = "D:AMC Results";
if (saveDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
string str = "泽国江山入战图
生民何计乐樵苏
凭君莫话封侯事
一将功成万骨枯
";
BinarySerialize<string>(str, saveDlg.FileName);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 写入文件
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="obj">写入类型</param>
/// <param name="path">路径</param>
public static void BinarySerialize<T>(T obj, string path)
{
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create);
BinaryFormatter b = new BinaryFormatter();
try
{
b.Serialize(fileStream, obj);
fileStream.Close();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (fileStream != null)
{
fileStream.Close();
fileStream.Dispose();
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 泛型读取
/// </summary>
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog openDlg = new OpenFileDialog();
openDlg.Title = "File";
openDlg.Filter = "File (*.txt)|*.txt";
if (openDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
string str = BinaryDeserialize<string>(openDlg.FileName);
richTextBox2.Text = str;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取文件
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="path">路径</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T BinaryDeserialize<T>(string path)
{
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
BinaryFormatter b = new BinaryFormatter(); //SoapFormatter
T rs;
try
{
rs = (T)b.Deserialize(fileStream);
return rs;
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (fileStream != null)
{
fileStream.Close();
fileStream.Dispose();
}
}
return default(T);
}
3：XML读写：不是很稳定
什么是XML呢？
- XML 指可扩展标记语言（EXtensible Markup Language）
- XML 是一种标记语言，很类似HTML
- XML 的设计宗旨是传输数据，而非显示数据
- XML 标签没有被预定义，您需要自行定义标签
- XML 被设计为具有自我描述性
- XML 是W3C 的推荐标准
实例如下：
/// <summary>
/// XML写入
/// </summary>
private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog saveDlg = new SaveFileDialog();
saveDlg.FileName = "File";
saveDlg.Title = "保存数据";
saveDlg.Filter = "File(*.txt)|*.txt";
saveDlg.DefaultExt = "txt";
saveDlg.AddExtension = true;
//saveDlg.InitialDirectory = "D:AMC Results";
if (saveDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
string str = "泽国江山入战图
生民何计乐樵苏
凭君莫话封侯事
一将功成万骨枯
";
SerializeToXml<string>(saveDlg.FileName, str);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// XML序列化某一类型到指定的文件
/// /// </summary>
/// /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param>
/// /// <param name="obj">写入对象</param>
/// /// <param name="type"></param>
public static void SerializeToXml<T>(string filePath, T obj)
{
try
{
using (System.IO.StreamWriter writer = new System.IO.StreamWriter(filePath))
{
System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xs = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
xs.Serialize(writer, obj);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// XML读取
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog openDlg = new OpenFileDialog();
openDlg.Title = "File";
openDlg.Filter = "File (*.txt)|*.txt";
if (openDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
string str = DeserializeFromXml<string>(openDlg.FileName);
richTextBox3.Text = str;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 从某一XML文件反序列化到某一类型
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath">待反序列化的XML文件名称</param>
/// <param name="type">反序列化出的</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T DeserializeFromXml<T>(string filePath)
{
try
{
if (!System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
throw new ArgumentNullException(filePath + " not Exists");
using (System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(filePath))
{
System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xs = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
T ret = (T)xs.Deserialize(reader);
return ret;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return default(T);
}
}
最终效果：
如果有更好的方法，欢迎在下边留言补充。
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