持续创作，加速成长！这是我参与「掘金日新计划 · 6 月更文挑战」的第20天，点击查看活动详情
主要是介绍BMP结构、利BMP图片练习文件编程操作，通过文件编程接口对BMP图片完成读写，添加水印、翻转等操作。
BMP图片练习文件操作（专题练习）
【1】 BMP图片数据取模，模拟图片取模软件。(选择16位或者24位取模方式)
16位。
【2】BMP图片放大缩小，根据输入的尺寸放大缩小图片。
【3】实现图片4种翻转效果: 上、下、左、右。
【4】给图片的指定位置添加水印
要求: 在图片的任意位置,添加任意的文字水印。
比如: xxx路口 20181008 11:04
将字库加入: ASCII和中文GBK字库
【5】目录练习: 拷贝目录下所有文件(指定后缀的文件)到指定目录下,考虑一层目录。
多层目录拷贝。
【6】Makefile作业: 使用Makefile建立工程，只需要写一个Makefile文件。
（1）BMP图片上下翻转实现
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <libgen.h>
/* 必须在结构体定义之前使用,这是为了让结构体中各成员按1字节对齐 */
#pragma pack(1)
/*需要文件信息头:14个字节 */
struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER
{
unsigned short bfType; //保存图片类似。 'BM' -- 0x4d42
unsigned int bfSize; //图片的大小
unsigned short bfReserved1;
unsigned short bfReserved2;
unsigned int bfOffBits; //RGB数据偏移地址
};
/* 位图参数信息 */
struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER {
unsigned long biSize; //结构体大小
unsigned long biWidth; //宽度
unsigned long biHeight; //高度
unsigned short biPlanes;
unsigned short biBitCount; //颜色位数
unsigned long biCompression;
unsigned long biSizeImage;
unsigned long biXPelsPerMeter;
unsigned long biYPelsPerMeter;
unsigned long biClrUsed;
unsigned long biClrImportant;
};
/*
函数功能: BMP图片翻转
函数参数:
char *src_BmpFile :BMP图片源文件
char *new_BmpFile :新文件
返回值 :0表示成功，其他值失败
*/
int BMPOverturn(char *src_BmpFile,char *new_BmpFile)
{
/*1. 打开源文件*/
int err=0;
FILE *bmp_file=fopen(src_BmpFile,"rb");
if(bmp_file==NULL)
{
err=1;
goto ERROR;
}
/*2. 图片参数获取*/
struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER src_head; //BMP文件头
memset(&src_head,0,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER));
if(fread(&src_head,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER),bmp_file)!=sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER))
{
err=2;
goto ERROR;
}
if(src_head.bfType!=0x4d42) //判断类型
{
err=3;
goto ERROR;
}
struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER src_info; //BMP图像参数
memset(&src_info,0,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER));
if(fread(&src_info,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER),bmp_file)!=sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER))
{
err=4;
goto ERROR;
}
if(src_info.biBitCount!=24) //判断颜色位数
{
err=5;
goto ERROR;
}
/*3. 创建新图片*/
FILE *new_file=fopen(new_BmpFile,"wb");
if(new_file==NULL)
{
err=6;
goto ERROR;
}
/*3.1 创建BMP文件头*/
fwrite(&src_head,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER),new_file);
/*3.2 创建BMP图像参数*/
fwrite(&src_info,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER),new_file);
/*3.3 实现图片上下翻转*/
int i;
int lineByte=src_info.biWidth*3; //一行总字节数量
if(lineByte%4)lineByte++;
int offset=lineByte*(src_info.biHeight-1)+src_head.bfOffBits;
char *data_p=malloc(lineByte);
if(data_p==NULL)
{
err=7;
goto ERROR;
}
for(i=0;i<src_info.biHeight;i++)
{
fseek(bmp_file,offset,SEEK_SET);
fread(data_p,1,lineByte,bmp_file);
fwrite(data_p,1,lineByte,new_file);
offset-=lineByte;
}
ERROR:
if(data_p)free(data_p);
if(bmp_file)fclose(bmp_file);
if(new_file)fclose(new_file);
return err;
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
char cmd_buff[100];
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("参数格式: ./app <源bmp图片名称> <新bmp图片名称>\n");
return 0;
}
//上下翻转图片
int err=BMPOverturn(argv[1],argv[2]);
if(err)
{
printf("图片上下翻转失败!\n");
}
else
{
printf("图片上下翻转处理成功,新图片名称:%s\n",argv[2]);
sprintf(cmd_buff,"eog %s",argv[2]);
system(cmd_buff);
}
return 0;
}
（2）BMP图片水印添加
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <libgen.h>
/* 必须在结构体定义之前使用,这是为了让结构体中各成员按1字节对齐 */
#pragma pack(1)
/*需要文件信息头:14个字节 */
struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER
{
unsigned short bfType; //保存图片类似。 'BM' -- 0x4d42
unsigned int bfSize; //图片的大小
unsigned short bfReserved1;
unsigned short bfReserved2;
unsigned int bfOffBits; //RGB数据偏移地址
};
/* 位图参数信息 */
struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER {
unsigned long biSize; //结构体大小
unsigned long biWidth; //宽度
unsigned long biHeight; //高度
unsigned short biPlanes;
unsigned short biBitCount; //颜色位数
unsigned long biCompression;
unsigned long biSizeImage;
unsigned long biXPelsPerMeter;
unsigned long biYPelsPerMeter;
unsigned long biClrUsed;
unsigned long biClrImportant;
};
/*-- 文字: 水 --*/
/*-- 宋体42; 此字体下对应的点阵为：宽x高=56x56 --*/
const unsigned char font0[]=
{
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x7C,0x00,0x0C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,
0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x3F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x7F,0xC0,
0x00,0x00,0x18,0x7E,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x7F,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,
0xFE,0x7F,0x03,0xF0,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x87,0xC0,0x00,0x07,0x80,0x7E,0x7F,
0x8F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x7F,0x9F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x7F,0xFC,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x7D,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x7D,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0xF8,0x7C,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF0,0x7C,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF0,
0x7C,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF0,0x7C,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xE0,0x7C,0x7C,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xE0,0x7C,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xC0,0x7C,0x3E,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x07,0xC0,0x7C,0x1E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x80,0x7C,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,
0x80,0x7C,0x0F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x00,0x7C,0x0F,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x00,0x7C,
0x07,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x3E,0x00,0x7C,0x03,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x00,0x7C,0x03,0xF0,
0x00,0x00,0x78,0x00,0x7C,0x01,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,
0xF0,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x7F,0xC0,0x03,0xC0,0x00,
0x7C,0x00,0x3F,0xE0,0x07,0x80,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x1F,0xFC,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,
0x0F,0xFC,0x1E,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x07,0xE0,0x1C,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x03,0xC0,
0x38,0x00,0x7F,0xFC,0x00,0x01,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x0F,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF0,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
};
/*-- 文字: 印 --*/
/*-- 宋体42; 此字体下对应的点阵为：宽x高=56x56 --*/
const unsigned char font1[]=
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xE0,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xF0,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x01,0x87,0xF8,0x03,0x80,0x03,0xC0,0x01,
0xFF,0xC0,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x01,0xFC,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,
0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,
0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,
0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,
0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,
0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x03,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x07,0x83,0xC0,0x07,
0xC0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xC3,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xE3,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,
0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,
0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,
0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,
0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,
0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x00,0x73,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x03,0xF3,
0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE0,0x3F,0x83,0xC0,0x07,0xC0,0x01,0xE1,0xFE,0x03,0xC7,0xFF,
0xC0,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x03,0xC1,0xFF,0xC0,0x03,0xFF,0xC0,0x03,0xC0,0x7F,0x80,0x03,
0xFF,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x1F,0x00,0x01,0xFC,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x0E,0x00,0x01,0xF0,0x00,
0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x03,0xC0,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,
0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
};
/*
函数功能: 针对BMP图片实现的画点函数
函数参数:
char *bmp_mem :表示BMP图片RGB颜色数据的首地址
int x
int y
int color :画点的颜色值
BMP_DrawPoint(bmp_mem,100,100,0);
*/
unsigned int bmp_Width; //保存BMP图片的宽度
void BMP_DrawPoint(unsigned char *bmp_mem,int x,int y,int color)
{
unsigned char *rgb=(unsigned char *)(bmp_mem+y*bmp_Width*3+x*3);
*rgb=color>>0&0xFF;
*(rgb+1)=color>>8&0xFF;
*(rgb+2)=color>>16&0xFF;
}
/*
函数功能: 在BMP图片的指定位置添加字符串
说明: 传入的取模字体必须是8的倍数(宽度和高度是相等)
*/
void BMP_ShowString(unsigned char *bmp_mem,unsigned char *font,int x,int y,int size,int color)
{
int i,j;
int x0=x;
unsigned char data;
for(i=0;i<size/8*size;i++)
{
data=font[i];
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
{
if(data&0x80) //为真表示需要画字体颜色
{
BMP_DrawPoint(bmp_mem,x0,y,color);
}
data<<=1;
x0++;
}
if((x0-x)==size)
{
x0=x;
y++;
}
}
}
/*
函数功能: 添加水印
函数参数:
char *src_BmpFile :BMP图片源文件
char *new_BmpFile :新文件
返回值 :0表示成功，其他值失败
*/
int Add_BMP(char *src_BmpFile,char *new_BmpFile)
{
/*1. 打开源文件*/
int err=0;
FILE *bmp_file=fopen(src_BmpFile,"rb");
if(bmp_file==NULL)
{
err=1;
goto ERROR;
}
/*2. 图片参数获取*/
struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER src_head; //BMP文件头
memset(&src_head,0,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER));
if(fread(&src_head,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER),bmp_file)!=sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER))
{
err=2;
goto ERROR;
}
if(src_head.bfType!=0x4d42) //判断类型
{
err=3;
goto ERROR;
}
struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER src_info; //BMP图像参数
memset(&src_info,0,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER));
if(fread(&src_info,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER),bmp_file)!=sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER))
{
err=4;
goto ERROR;
}
if(src_info.biBitCount!=24) //判断颜色位数
{
err=5;
goto ERROR;
}
/*3. 创建新图片*/
FILE *new_file=fopen(new_BmpFile,"wb");
if(new_file==NULL)
{
err=6;
goto ERROR;
}
/*3.1 创建BMP文件头*/
fwrite(&src_head,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_FILE_HEADER),new_file);
/*3.2 创建BMP图像参数*/
fwrite(&src_info,1,sizeof(struct tagBITMAP_INFO_HEADER),new_file);
/*3.3 实现图片的水印添加*/
int i;
int lineByte=src_info.biWidth*3; //一行总字节数量
bmp_Width=src_info.biWidth; //保存BMP图片的宽度
if(lineByte%4)lineByte++;
int offset=lineByte*(src_info.biHeight-1)+src_head.bfOffBits;
unsigned char *data_p=malloc(lineByte*src_info.biHeight); //申请存放RGB数据的空间
unsigned char *bmp_mem=data_p; //保存RGB数据的首地址
if(data_p==NULL)
{
err=7;
goto ERROR;
}
/*3.4 从BMP图片的文件最后一行依次读取数据，存放到缓冲区*/
for(i=0;i<src_info.biHeight;i++)
{
fseek(bmp_file,offset,SEEK_SET);
fread(data_p,1,lineByte,bmp_file);
data_p+=lineByte; //指针向下偏移
offset-=lineByte;
}
/*3.5 添加水印*/
BMP_ShowString(bmp_mem,(unsigned char*)font0,40,40,56,0xFF0033);
BMP_ShowString(bmp_mem,(unsigned char*)font1,40+56,40,56,0xFF0033);
/*3.6 将数据写入到文件*/
offset=lineByte*(src_info.biHeight-1)+src_head.bfOffBits;
data_p=bmp_mem; //指针归位
for(i=0;i<src_info.biHeight;i++)
{
fseek(new_file,offset,SEEK_SET);
fwrite(data_p,1,lineByte,new_file);
data_p+=lineByte; //指针向下偏移
offset-=lineByte;
}
ERROR:
if(bmp_mem)free(bmp_mem);
if(bmp_file)fclose(bmp_file);
if(new_file)fclose(new_file);
return err;
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
char cmd_buff[100];
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("参数格式: ./app <源bmp图片名称> <新bmp图片名称>\n");
return 0;
}
//添加水印
int err=Add_BMP(argv[1],argv[2]);
if(err)
{
printf("图片水印添加失败!\n");
}
else
{
printf("图片水印添加成功,新图片名称:%s\n",argv[2]);
sprintf(cmd_buff,"eog %s",argv[2]);
system(cmd_buff);
}
return 0;
}
学习Makefile
【1】学习什么是目标文件: 该如何定义
【2】学习什么是目标依赖文件:该如何定义
【3】Makefile本身推导规则: 如何根据目标和目标依赖文件去进行编译生成目标。
【4】学习特殊变量的定义和功能使用: VPATH\ CC\ CFLAGS
【5】条件判断语句、常用的几个函数 $(Shell ls)。
【6】自动化编译的符号: < $^ %
make <参数> -n表示调试不编译 -s 隐藏命令的输出
关于make命令运用时传递的参数:
make abc=123 app -ns
Shell脚本编程
Shell 本身是一个用 C 语言编写的程序，它是用户使用 Unix/Linux 的桥梁，用户的大部分工作都是通过 Shell 完成的。 Shell 既是一种命令语言，又是一种程序设计语言。
作为命令语言，它交互式地解释和执行用户输入的命令；作为程序设计语言，它定义了各种变量和参数，并提供了许多在高级语言中才具有的控制结构，包括循环和分支。
它虽然不是 Unix/Linux 系统内核的一部分，但它调用了系统核心的大部分功能来执行程序、建立文件并以并行的方式协调各个程序的运行。因此，对于用户来说， shell 是最重要的实用程序，深入了解和熟练掌握 shell 的特性极其使用方法，是用好 Unix/Linux 系统的关键。
Shell脚本: 是一个编程语言(脚本类型的编程语言、解释类型编程语言)
变量、for循环、while循环、if语言、switch语句、函数….
Linux开发: 侧重于驱动开发、侧重于运维开发。
