本文已参与「新人创作礼」活动，一起开启掘金创作之路
Docker的常用基础命令
帮助命令
docker version #查看docker的版本信息
docker info #查看docker的系统信息
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
[帮助文档](Reference documentation | Docker Documentation)：所有的命令都可以在这里找到
镜像命令
docker images：查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 4 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY：镜像仓库源（名字）
TAG： 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID： 镜像的id
CREATED： 镜像创建时间
SIZE： 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像id
docker search：搜索镜像
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12096 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4634 [OK]
#可选项 搜索通过收藏来过滤
--filter=过滤条件=数值
eg： --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的结果是收藏不小于3000的
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12096 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4634 [OK]
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12096 [OK]
docker pull：下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag，默认就是最新版 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
6552179c3509: Pull complete
d69aa66e4482: Pull complete
3b19465b002b: Pull complete
7b0d0cfe99a1: Pull complete
9ccd5a5c8987: Pull complete
2dab00d7d232: Pull complete
64d3afdccd4a: Pull complete
82148d50b16c: Pull complete
8bb7d73a7d0c: Pull complete
74778cd68a75: Pull complete
d7e5f9309140: Pull complete
f2e376ecd59f: Pull complete #分层下载 docker images的核心 联合文件系统
Digest: sha256:92d27b8222bbcf53bc42c70ca7cd1010d6c0527efc61f14980ce77c50932bef4 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#等价
docker pull mysql <==>docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
6552179c3509: Already exists
d69aa66e4482: Already exists
3b19465b002b: Already exists
7b0d0cfe99a1: Already exists
9ccd5a5c8987: Already exists
2dab00d7d232: Already exists
64d3afdccd4a: Already exists #之前的mysql最新版通用的东西也可以公用
6992e58be0f2: Pull complete
67313986b81d: Pull complete
7c36a23db0a4: Pull complete
d34c396e3198: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:afc453de0d675083ac00d0538521f8a9a67d1cce180d70fab9925ebcc87a0eba
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi：删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定容器
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除多个指定容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部容器
容器命令
有了镜像我们才可以创建容器，下载一个ubuntu镜像来测试学习
docker pull ubuntu
- 新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数
--name="Name" #容器名字
-d #后台方式运行
-it #使用交互式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 #主机端口映射到容器端口 （最常用的）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P #随机指定容器端口
#测试 启动并进入容器
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
root@d7fdf0b7b0e3:/# ls #查看容器内的ubuntu 基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin dev home lib32 libx32 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
root@d7fdf0b7b0e3:/# exit #退出容器
exit
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# ls
bin data home lib64 media proc sbin tmp web
boot dev lib libx32 mnt root srv usr
cdrom etc lib32 lost+found opt run sys var #上下对比还是有很多不一样的
- 列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps运行命令
docker ps #当前运行的容器
docker ps -a #列出曾经的运行的和现在运行的容器
docker ps -n=？ #显示最近创建的容器
docker ps -q #只显示容器的编号
#示例
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d7fdf0b7b0e3 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago brave_cerf
3e6c6f2f6671 hello-world "/hello" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago practical_wu
af7af1d9777d hello-world "/hello" 24 hours ago Exited (0) 24 hours ago condescending_stonebraker
- 退出容器
exit #容器停止并退出
ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
- 删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器id #强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker image -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所用容器
- 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
docker run -d 镜像名
docker run -d ubuntu
#问题
在我们docker ps 的时候发现ubuntu停止了
doker使用后台启动，必须要有一个前台应用，如果没有，docker会默认关闭该容器，即容器没有提供服务就会“自杀”
查看日志命令
docker logs -t -f #显示全部日志
docker -tf --tail number #指定要显示多少条的日志
查看容器中的进程信息
docker top 容器id
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 22891 22875 0 21:21 ?
root 23351 22891 0 21:25 ?
查看镜像的元数据
#命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker inspect d7fdf0b7b0e3
[
{
"Id": "d7fdf0b7b0e35587708667e1751e33056549293324fc99e85c8e90e937ff548a",
"Created": "2022-02-11T12:07:49.561129935Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-02-11T12:07:50.129967368Z",
"FinishedAt": "2022-02-11T12:09:56.434869805Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:54c9d81cbb440897908abdcaa98674db83444636c300170cfd211e40a66f704f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7fdf0b7b0e35587708667e1751e33056549293324fc99e85c8e90e937ff548a/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7fdf0b7b0e35587708667e1751e33056549293324fc99e85c8e90e937ff548a/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7fdf0b7b0e35587708667e1751e33056549293324fc99e85c8e90e937ff548a/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d7fdf0b7b0e35587708667e1751e33056549293324fc99e85c8e90e937ff548a/d7fdf0b7b0e35587708667e1751e33056549293324fc99e85c8e90e937ff548a-json.log",
"Name": "/brave_cerf",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02f791f7c5ddcaae6d9a2951da6531bb2802235feb14dac7f3ee32df3d483eb3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/265ef863bbbf497e6eaf4cdd9b0ab91ea01a251f82d11017fd1d682b55d883f5/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02f791f7c5ddcaae6d9a2951da6531bb2802235feb14dac7f3ee32df3d483eb3/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02f791f7c5ddcaae6d9a2951da6531bb2802235feb14dac7f3ee32df3d483eb3/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02f791f7c5ddcaae6d9a2951da6531bb2802235feb14dac7f3ee32df3d483eb3/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d7fdf0b7b0e3",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "ubuntu",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "5c2101a946081af6be4c1414314eae201a74cbb27776450529743bea6722f5df",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5c2101a94608",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "2e47ad5f71ebc7db9347045905da0e383fd3531672c705f6d8f1afb3d1397de2",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是在后台运行的，但我们要进入修改内容
方式一
docker exec -it 容器id bsahShell
方式二
docker attach 容器id
#docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
#docker attach 进入容器正在执行的一个终端
从容器内拷贝到主机
#命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
#进入容器
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/# cd /
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/# ls
bin dev home lib32 libx32 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/# cd /home
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/home# ls
#在容器内创建文件
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/home# mkdir mzmm403
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/home# ls
mzmm403
#退出
root@e4e71fa24fc2:/home# exit
exit
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# cd /
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/# cd home
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home# ls
lighthouse ubuntu
#拷贝
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home# docker cp e4e71fa24fc2:/home/mzmm403 /home
root@VM-16-11-ubuntu:/home# ls
lighthouse mzmm403 ubuntu
#拷贝是一个手动过程，以后我们用 -v 卷的技术来实现自动同步
