leetcode 1611. Minimum One Bit Operations to Make Integers Zero(python)

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描述

Given an integer n, you must transform it into 0 using the following operations any number of times:

  • Change the rightmost (0th) bit in the binary representation of n.
  • Change the ith bit in the binary representation of n if the (i-1)th bit is set to 1 and the (i-2)th through 0th bits are set to 0.

Return the minimum number of operations to transform n into 0.

Example 1:

Input: n = 0
Output: 0

Example 2:

Input: n = 3
Output: 2
Explanation: The binary representation of 3 is "11".
"11" -> "01" with the 2nd operation since the 0th bit is 1.
"01" -> "00" with the 1st operation.

Example 3:

Input: n = 6
Output: 4
Explanation: The binary representation of 6 is "110".
"110" -> "010" with the 2nd operation since the 1st bit is 1 and 0th through 0th bits are 0.
"010" -> "011" with the 1st operation.
"011" -> "001" with the 2nd operation since the 0th bit is 1.
"001" -> "000" with the 1st operation.

Example 4:

Input: n = 9
Output: 14

Example 5:

Input: n = 333
Output: 393

Note:

0 <= n <= 109

解析

根据题意,给定一个整数 n,必须使用任意次数的以下操作将其转换为 0:

  • 更改 n 的二进制表示最右边的位。可以 0 变为 1 ,也可以 1 变为 0 。
  • 如果第 (i-1) 位设置为 1 并且第 (i-2) 到第 0 位设置为 0,则更改 n 的二进制表示中的第 i 位。可以 0 变为 1 ,也可以 1 变为 0 。

注意题目中的二进制位的索引都是从右向左的,返回将 n 转换为 0 的最小操作数。因为方法一只是将最右边的 0 和 1 互换,无法对前面的字符进行操作,所以关键就是巧用方法二进行变化,假如我们举例,将 101011 变为 000000 ,其最简单的思路就是递归:

  • (1)101011 第一位为 1 ,想要将其变为 100000 ,就调用自定义的 convert 函数,该函数的功能就是找出将 01011 变为 10000 的最少次数
  • (2)应用方法二将变化之后的 110000 变为 010000 进行了 1 次操作,然后计算将 10000 变为 00000 的次数,和上面同样的方法,将 0000 通过 convert 函数变为 1000 ,在进行相同的操作,直到最后变为 000000
  • (3)所以定义递归函数 dfs ,表示对输入二进制的最少次数操作,将上面的过程表示出来就是 dfs(101011) = convert(01011) + 1 + dfs(10000)

但是 convert 有两种情况:

  • 第一种情况是二进制的第一个数字是 1 ,如 1110 。那直接调用 dfs(110) 即可
  • 第二种情况是二进制的第一个数字是 0 ,如 0111 ,又是需要递归 :convert(0111) = convert(111) + 1 + dfs(100)

解答

class Solution(object):
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.d = {}
        self.t = {}
        
    def minimumOneBitOperations(self, n):
        """
        :type n: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        return(self.dfs(bin(n)[2:]))
    
    def dfs(self, s):
        if s == '0' : return 0
        if s == '1' : return 1
        if s in self.d : return self.d[s]
        if  s[0] == '0': return self.dfs(s[1:])
        m = s[1:]
        n = list(s[1:])
        n[0] = '1'
        for i in range(1, len(n)):
            n[i] = '0'
        n = ''.join(n)
        self.d[s] = self.convert(m) + 1 + self.dfs(n)
        return self.d[s]
    
    def convert(self, s):
        if s == '0' : return 1
        if s == '1' : return 0
        if s in self.t : return self.t[s]
        if s[0] == '1': 
            self.t[s] = self.dfs(s[1:])
        else:
            m = s[1:]
            n = list(s[1:])
            n[0] = '1'
            for i in range(1, len(n)):
                n[i] = '0'
            n = ''.join(n)
            self.t[s] = self.convert(m) + 1 + self.dfs(n)
        return self.t[s]

        
                    	      
		

运行结果

Runtime: 44 ms, faster than 5.17% of Python online submissions for Minimum One Bit Operations to Make Integers Zero.
Memory Usage: 13.3 MB, less than 77.59% of Python online submissions for Minimum One Bit Operations to Make Integers Zero.

原题链接:leetcode.com/problems/mi…

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