LeetCode 146. LRU Cache

Design a data structure that follows the constraints of a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache.

Implement the LRUCache class:

LRUCache(int capacity) Initialize the LRU cache with positive size capacity.
int get(int key) Return the value of the key if the key exists, otherwise return -1.
void put(int key, int value) Update the value of the key if the key exists. Otherwise, add the key-value pair to the cache. If the number of keys exceeds the capacity from this operation, evict the least recently used key.

The functions get and put must each run in O(1) average time complexity.

Example 1:

Input
["LRUCache", "put", "put", "get", "put", "get", "put", "get", "get", "get"]
[[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]]
Output
[null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4]

Explanation
LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
lRUCache.put(1, 1); // cache is {1=1}
lRUCache.put(2, 2); // cache is {1=1, 2=2}
lRUCache.get(1);    // return 1
lRUCache.put(3, 3); // LRU key was 2, evicts key 2, cache is {1=1, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(2);    // returns -1 (not found)
lRUCache.put(4, 4); // LRU key was 1, evicts key 1, cache is {4=4, 3=3}
lRUCache.get(1);    // return -1 (not found)
lRUCache.get(3);    // return 3
lRUCache.get(4);    // return 4

Constraints:

1 <= capacity <= 3000
0 <= key <= 104
0 <= value <= 105
At most 2 * 105 calls will be made to get and put.

解法一：

这道题让我们实现一个 LRU 缓存器，LRU 是 Least Recently Used 的简写，就是最近最少使用的意思。那么这个缓存器主要有两个成员函数，get 和 put，其中 get 函数是通过输入 key 来获得 value，如果成功获得后，这对 (key, value) 升至缓存器中最常用的位置（顶部），如果 key 不存在，则返回 -1。而 put 函数是插入一对新的 (key, value)，如果原缓存器中有该 key，则需要先删除掉原有的，将新的插入到缓存器的顶部。如果不存在，则直接插入到顶部。若加入新的值后缓存器超过了容量，则需要删掉一个最不常用的值，也就是底部的值。代码如下：

class LRUCache(val capacity: Int) {
    val cache = LinkedHashMap<Int, Int>()

    fun get(key: Int): Int {
        if (cache.containsKey(key)) {
            val value = cache.getValue(key)
            cache.remove(key)
            cache[key] = value
            return value
        } else {
            return -1
        }
    }

    fun put(key: Int, value: Int) {
        if (cache.containsKey(key)) {
            cache.remove(key)
        } else {
            if (cache.size >= capacity) {
                cache.remove(cache.keys.first())
            }
        }
        cache[key] = value
    }
}