C 语言编译

1. 使用 gcc 命令

1. 可执行文件

项目结构

exec_demo
  - bin
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - fun.c
  - main.c

文件内容

# head.h
int add(int a, int b);
int sub(int a, int b);

# fun.c
#include "head.h"
int add(int a, int b)
{
  return a + b;
}

# main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "head.h"
int main(int argc, char **args)
{
  int n1 = atoi(args[1]);
  int n2 = atoi(args[2]);
  int ret = add(n1, n2);
  printf("%d + %d = %d\n", n1, n2, ret);
}

执行编译

# 分步编译可执行文件
1. 预处理 main.c 和 fun.c
gcc -E main.c -I ./include -o main.i
gcc -E src/fun.c -I ./include -o src/fun.i

2. 汇编 main.i 和 fun.i
gcc -S main.i -o main.s
gcc -S src/fun.i -o src/fun.s

3. 编译 main.s 和 fun.s
gcc -c main.s -o main.o
gcc -c fun.s -o fun.o

4. 链接 main.o 和 fun.o （其中隐式包含了链接 libc.so 等动态库）
gcc main.o fun.o -o bin/app

# 一步编译
gcc main.c src/fun.c -I ./include -o bin/app

# 安装
install -m 755 ./bin/app /usr/local/bin

2. 静态库文件

项目结构

static_demo
  - lib
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - add.c
    - div.c
    - sub.c
    - mul.c

文件内容

# head.h
int add(int a, int b);
int div(int a, int b);
int sub(int a, int b);
int mul(int a, int b);

# add.c
int add(int a, int b)
{
  return a + b;
}

# mul.c
int mul(int a, int b)
{
  return a * b;
}

# sub.c
int sub(int a, int b)
{
  return a - b;
}

# div.c
int div(int a, int b)
{
  return a / b;
}

执行编译

# 编译源文件
gcc -c src/add.c src/div.c src/mul.c src/sub.c -I ./include
gcc -c src\/*.c -I ./include

# 打包
ar rcs lib/demo.lib src/add.o src/div.o src/mul.o src/sub.o (windows 下)
ar rcs lib/demo.lib src\/*.o

ar rcs lib/libDemo.a src/add.o src/div.o src/mul.o src/sub.o (linux 下)
ar rcs lib/libDemo.a src\/*.o

# 安装
install -m 755 ./lib/libDemo.a /usr/local/lib/ (linux 下)

使用静态库

# 根目录创建 main.c
cd static_demo && touch main.c

# 内容如下
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "head.h"
int main(int argc, char **args)
{
  int n1 = atoi(args[1]);
  int n2 = atoi(args[2]);
  int ret = add(n1, n2);
  printf("%d + %d = %d\n", n1, n2, ret);
}

# 编译
gcc main.c -o app -I ./include -L ./lib/ -l demo (windows 下)
gcc main.c -o app -I ./include -L ./lib/ -l Demo (linux 下)

3. 动态库文件

项目结构

share_demo
  - lib
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - add.c
    - mul.c
    - div.c
    - sub.c

文件内容
```
不再赘述
```

执行编译

# 编译 (fPIC 作用:http://tny.im/kkuoz)
gcc -c -fPIC src\add.c src\div.c src\sub.c src\mul.c -I ./include
gcc -c -fPIC src\/*.c -I ./include

# 打包
gcc -shared -o lib/demo.dll src\/*.o (windows 下)
gcc -shared -o lib/libDemo.so src\/*.o (linux 下)

# 安装
install -m 755 ./lib/libDemo.so /usr/local/lib/

使用动态库

# 根目录创建 main.c
cd share_demo && touch main.c

# 内容如下
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "head.h"
int main(int argc, char **args)
{
  int n1 = atoi(args[1]);
  int n2 = atoi(args[2]);
  int ret = add(n1, n2);
  printf("%d + %d = %d\n", n1, n2, ret);
}

# 编译
gcc main.c -o app -I ./include -L ./lib/ -l demo (windows 下)
gcc main.c -o app -I ./include -L ./lib/ -l Demo (linux 下)

# 额外操作
windows 下：拷贝 demo.dll 文件到 c:/windows/system32/
linux 下：修改 /etc/ld.so.conf

2. Makefile 方式

1. 可执行文件

项目结构

exec_demo
  - bin
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - fun.c
  - main.c
  - makefile

文件内容

# makefile
app: main.o func.o
  gcc main.o ./src/func.o -o ./bin/app
main.o: main.c
  gcc -c main.c -I ./include
func.o: ./src/func.c
  gcc -c ./src/func.c -I ./include -o ./src/func.o
clean:
  -@rm ./*.o ./src/*.o ./bin/*
install:
  install -m 755 ./bin/app /usr/local/bin/

执行编译

# 编译
make app

# 清理
make clean

# 安装
make install

2. 静态库文件

项目结构

static_demo
  - lib
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - add.c
    - div.c
    - mul.c
    - sub.c
  - main.c
  - makefile

文件内容

# makefile
src_dir = ./src
dest_dir = ./lib
include_dir = ./include
bin_dir = ./bin
app_name = app
lib_name = libDemo
lib_suffix = .lib
objects = add.o sub.o mul.o div.o

lib: ${objects}
  ar rcs ${dest_dir}/${lib_name}${lib_suffix} ${objects}
  -@rm ${objects}
add.o: ${src_dir}/add.c
  gcc -c ${src_dir}/add.c -I ${include_dir}
sub.o: ${src_dir}/sub.c
  gcc -c ${src_dir}/sub.c -I ${include_dir}
mul.o: ${src_dir}/mul.c
  gcc -c ${src_dir}/mul.c -I ${include_dir}
div.o: ${src_dir}/div.c
  gcc -c ${src_dir}/div.c -I ${include_dir}
test: ${dest_dir}/${lib_name}${lib_suffix}
  gcc main.c -o ${bin_dir}/${app_name} -I ${include_dir} -L ${dest_dir} -l ${lib_name}
clean:
  -@rm ${dest_dir}/* ${bin_name}/*
install:
  install -m 755 ${dest_dir}/${lib_name}${lib_suffix} /usr/local/lib

执行编译

# 编译成静态库文件
make lib

# 测试库静态库文件
make test

# 清理
make clean

# 安装
make install

3. 动态库文件

项目结构

share_demo
  - lib
  - bin
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - add.c
    - mul.c
    - div.c
    - sub.c
  - main.c
  - makefile

文件内容

# makefile
src_dir = ./src
dest_dir = ./lib
include_dir = ./include
bin_dir = ./bin
app_name = app
lib_name = libDemo
lib_suffix = .dll
objects = add.o sub.o mul.o div.o

lib: ${objects}
        gcc -shared -o ${dest_dir}/${lib_name}${lib_suffix} ${objects}
        -rm ${objects}
add.o: ${src_dir}/add.c
        gcc -c -fPIC ${src_dir}/add.c -I ${include_dir}
sub.o: ${src_dir}/sub.c
        gcc -c -fPIC ${src_dir}/sub.c -I ${include_dir}
mul.o: ${src_dir}/mul.c
        gcc -c -fPIC ${src_dir}/mul.c -I ${include_dir}
div.o: ${src_dir}/div.c
        gcc -c -fPIC ${src_dir}/div.c -I ${include_dir}
test: ${dest_dir}/${lib_name}${lib_suffix}
        gcc main.c -o ${bin_dir}/${app_name} -I ${include_dir} -L ${dest_dir} -l ${lib_name}
clean:
        -@rm ${dest_dir}/* ${bin_dir}/*
install:
        install -m 755 ${dest_dir}/${lib_name}${lib_suffix} /usr/local/lib

执行编译

# 编译动态库
make lib

# 测试动态库
make test

# 清理
make clean

# 安装
make install

3. CMake 方式

1. 可执行文件

项目结构

exec_demo
  - bin
  - build
  - include
  - src
  - main.c
  - CMakeLists.txt

文件内容

# CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)
project(exec_demo C)

set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ../bin)
include_directories(include)
add_executable(app main.c src/func.c)
INSTALL(TARGETS app RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)

执行编译

# 进入 build 目录
cd build

# 执行cmake
cmake ..

# 编译
make

# 安装
make install (windows 默认安装到 Cygwin/usr/local/bin linux 默认安装到 /usr/local/bin)

# 自定义安装
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr .. 
make install (linux 指定安装到 /usr/bin)

# 清理
make clean

2. 静态库文件

项目结构

static_demo
  - lib
  - bin
  - build
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - add.c
    - div.c
    - sub.c
    - mul.c
  - CMakeLists.txt

文件内容

# CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)
project(static_lib C)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ../lib)

include_directories(include)
add_library(libDemo src/add.c src/div.c src/mul.c src/sub.c)
INSTALL(TARGETS Demo ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib)
INSTALL(FILES include/head.h DESTINATION include/static_lib)

add_executable(app main.c)
target_link_libraries(app Demo.a)

执行编译

# 进入 build 目录
cd build

# cmake
cmake ..

# 编译
make

# 安装
make install (windows 默认安装到 Cygwin/usr/local/lib linux 默认安装到 /usr/local/lib)

# 自定义安装
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make install (linux 安装到 /usr/lib)

# 清理
make clean

3. 动态库文件

项目结构

share_demo
  - bin
  - lib
  - build
  - include
    - head.h
  - src
    - div.c
    - mul.c
    - add.c
    - sub.c
  - main.c
  - CMakelists.txt

文件内容

# CMakelists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)
project(share_lib C)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ../lib)
include_directories(include)

add_library(Demo SHARED src/add.c src/div.c src/sub.c src/mul.c)
INSTALL(TARGETS Demo LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
INSTALL(FILES include/head.h DESTINATION include/shared_lib)

add_executable(app main.c)
target_link_libraries(app Demo)

执行编译

# 进入 build 目录
cd build

# cmake
cmake ..

# 编译
make

# 安装
make install (windows 安装到 Cygwin/usr/local/lib linux 安装到 /usr/local/lib)

# 自定义安装
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..
make install (安装到 /usr/lib)

# 清理
make clean

4. 参考

gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/…

stackoverflow.com/questions/5…

www.gnu.org/software/ma…

www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/0…

cmake.org/cmake/help/…