vue请求接口并且携带token

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4,782 阅读2分钟

一、处理跨域问题

1.在vue2.0的config文件夹下面的index.js文件里面或者在vue3.0中新建vue.config.js文件，写入以下代码：

module.exports = {
    devServer: {
        open: true,
        port: 8080,
        //以上的ip和端口是我们本机的;下面为需要跨域的
        proxy: { //配置跨域
            '/apis': {
                target: 'http://47.98.143.163:8000/', //这里后台的地址模拟的;应该填写你们真实的后台接口
                ws: true,
                changOrigin: true, //允许跨域
                pathRewrite: {
                    '^/apis': '' //请求的时候使用这个api就可以
                }
            }
        }
    },
}
  1. 在需要调取接口的方法中通过/apis加上接口来拿取数据，示例如下：
    //编辑问卷列表
    edit(id) {
      this.axios
        .put("/apis/zhmq/wj/wj/" + id + "/", {
          title: this.inputtitle,
          explain: this.titletextarea,
        })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(121324654);
          this.centerDialogVisible = false;
          this.getarr();
        })

        .catch((e) => fn);
    }

二、登录获取token

在调取后端接口时，需要给后端传一个token过去，才可以拿到后端的数据，但是后端没有给我登录接口，让我使用另一个项目登录时的token，结果就是写着写着突然没数据了。。。。，当时写的代码是这样的：

return:{
token: "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxLCJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwic2Vzc2lvbl9pZCI6Ijg0MmRlNGQ0LTVkODktNDg0ZC1hMDk1LWMzNTdkNmJmNDRjMSIsImV4cCI6MTYyOTQyNTI4Mywib3JpZ19pYXQiOjE2MjkzMzg4ODN9.AeO5kKdojnF3kjnIfmuShMyEvOvVLavkc4gcUnH9giU"
}
getlist(){
this.axios
        .get("/apis/zhmq/wj/wj/display/" + this.titleId + "/", {
        //添加请求头
           headers: {
             Authorization: "Bearer " + this.token,
           },
        })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res);
        })
        .catch((e) => fn);
   }

导致的结果就是我每调一个接口，就需要把headers复制粘贴一遍，而且token还很快就会过期，实在是难受，就和后端商量让他给我一个登录接口，不然实在是麻烦。。。

三、开发登录页面存储token

  1. 首先编写登录页面，同时拿取token，把token存储到vuex中，代码如下：
<template>
  <div class="login">
    <el-form
      :model="loginForm"
      :rules="fieldRules"
      ref="loginForm"
      label-position="left"
      label-width="0px"
      class="demo-ruleForm login-container"
    >
      <h2 class="title" style="padding-left: 22px">系统登录</h2>
      <el-form-item prop="account">
        <el-input
          type="text"
          v-model="loginForm.account"
          auto-complete="off"
          placeholder="账号"
        ></el-input>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item prop="password">
        <el-input
          type="password"
          v-model="loginForm.password"
          auto-complete="off"
          placeholder="密码"
        ></el-input>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item class="join_formitem">
        <el-form-item class="captcha">
          <el-col :span="12">
            <el-form-item prop="picLyanzhengma">
              <el-input
                type="text"
                placeholder="请输入验证码"
                class="yanzhengma_input"
                v-model="loginForm.picLyanzhengma"
              />
            </el-form-item>
          </el-col>
          <el-col class="line" :span="1">&nbsp;</el-col>
          <el-col :span="11">
            <input
              type="button"
              @click="createdCode"
              class="verification"
              v-model="checkCode"
            />
          </el-col>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-form-item>
      <el-form-item> 
      </el-form-item>
     
      <el-form-item style="width: 100%">
        <!-- <el-button type="primary" style="width:48%;" @click.native.prevent="reset">重 置</el-button> -->
        <el-button type="primary" style="width: 48%" @click="login()"
          >登 录</el-button
        >
      </el-form-item>
    </el-form>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { mapMutations } from "vuex";
import Cookies from "js-cookie";
export default {
  name: "login",
  components: {
  },
  data() {
    return {
      code: "",
      checkCode: "IHLE",
      data: "",
      loading: false,
      loginForm: {
        account: "admin",
        password: "123456",
        captcha: "",
        src: "",
        picLyanzhengma: "",
      },
      fieldRules: {
        account: [{ required: true, message: "请输入账号", trigger: "blur" }],
        password: [{ required: true, message: "请输入密码", trigger: "blur" }],
        picLyanzhengma: [
          { required: true, message: "请输入验证码", trigger: "blur" },
        ],
      },
      checked: false,
    };
  },
  methods: {
    ...mapMutations(["changeLogin"]),
    login() {
      this.loading = true;
      let _this = this;
      this.axios
        .post("/apis/admin/login/", { //调取后端登录接口
          username: this.loginForm.account,
          password: this.loginForm.password,
        })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res);
          console.log(res.data.data.token);
          _this.userToken = "Bearer " + res.data.data.token;
          // 将用户token保存到vuex中
          _this.changeLogin({ Authorization: _this.userToken });
          Cookies.set("Token", res.data.data.token); //登录成功后将token存储在cookie之中
          _this.$router.push("/questionnaire");
        });
    },
    reset() {
      this.$refs.loginForm.resetFields();
    },
    // 随机验证码
    createdCode() {
      // 先清空验证码输入
      this.code = "";
      this.checkCode = "";
      this.picLyanzhengma = "";
      // 验证码长度
      const codeLength = 4;
      // 随机数
      const random = new Array(
        0,1,2,3，4,5,6,7,8,9，"A", "B","C","D",  "E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z");
      for (let i = 0; i < codeLength; i++) {
        // 取得随机数的索引(0~35)
        let index = Math.floor(Math.random() * 36);
        // 根据索引取得随机数加到code上
        this.code += random[index];
      }
      // 把code值赋给验证码
      this.checkCode = this.code;
    },
  },
  mounted() {
    this.createdCode(), //创建验证码
  },
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.login {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  height: 100%;
  // height: 600px;
  background-image: url("../../assets/login-background.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
}
.login-container {
  -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  -moz-border-radius: 5px;
  background-clip: padding-box;
  margin: 100px auto;
  width: 350px;
  padding: 35px 35px 15px 35px;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
  box-shadow: 0 0 25px #cac6c6;
  .title {
    margin: 0px auto 30px auto;
    text-align: center;
    color: #505458;
  }
  .remember {
    margin: 0px 0px 35px 0px;
  }
}
.yanzhengma_input {
  font-family: "Exo 2", sans-serif;
  // border: 1px solid #fff;
  // color: #fff;
  outline: none;
  // border-radius: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: normal;
  // background-color: rgba(82,56,76,.15);
  padding: 5px 0 5px 10px;
  // margin-left: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  margin-top: 30px;
  // border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}
.verification {
  background: white;
  margin-top: 35px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  width: 100px;
  letter-spacing: 5px;
  margin-left: 50px;
  height: 40px;
  transform: translate(-15px, 0);
}
.captcha {
  height: 50px;
  text-align: justify;
}
</style>

调取后端登录接口成功，拿到token同时存放到vuex中

  1. 在store文件夹下面的index.js文件中，写入以下代码，将token存储到localStorage中：
import Vue from 'vue';
import Vuex from 'vuex';
Vue.use(Vuex);
const store = new Vuex.Store({
    state: {
        // 存储token
        Authorization: localStorage.getItem('Authorization') ?localStorage.getItem('Authorization') : ''
    },

    mutations: {
        // 修改token，并将token存入localStorage
        changeLogin(state, user) {
            state.Authorization = user.Authorization;
            localStorage.setItem('Authorization', user.Authorization);
        }
    }
});
export default store;

3.因为请求后端接口需要携带token放到请求头headers中，因而在main.js文件中，写入以下代码：

//引入axios
import axios from 'axios'
//使用axios
Vue.prototype.axios = axios
    //axios携带token
    // 添加请求拦截器，在请求头中加token
axios.interceptors.request.use(
    config => {
        if (localStorage.getItem('Authorization')) {
            config.headers.Authorization = localStorage.getItem('Authorization');
        }
        return config;
    },
    error => {
        return Promise.reject(error);
    });

即可在请求接口的时候，可以携带token拿取后端数据，因而调取后端接口就可以省略请求头的添加：

  //编辑问卷列表
    edit(id) {
      this.axios
        .put("/apis/zhmq/wj/wj/" + id + "/", {
          title: this.inputtitle,
          explain: this.titletextarea,
        })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(121324654);
          this.centerDialogVisible = false;
          this.getarr();
        })
        .catch((e) => fn);
    }

四、通过token进行路由的拦截

在main.js后者router文件夹下面的index.js文件里面加入以下代码，进行全局前置路由守卫，代码如下：

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {

    if (to.path == '/login' || to.path == '/register') {
        next();
    } else {
        const token = localStorage.getItem('Authorization'); // 获取token
        // token不存在
        if (token === null || token === '') {
            alert('您还没有登录，请先登录');
            next('/login');
        } else {
            next();
        }
    }
});

完成登录路由拦截以及请求携带请求头

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