RabbitMQ消息中间件(四)

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RabbitMQ整合Spring AMQP

AMQP核心组件:

  • RabbitAdmin
  • SpringAMQP
  • RabbitTemplate
  • SimpleMessageListenerContainer
  • MessageListenerAdapter
  • MessageConverter

RabbitAdmin

autoStartup 设置为 true,否则Spring容器不会加载RabbitAdmin类。 RabbitAdmin底层实现是从Spring容器中获取ExhcangeBindingRoutingKeyQueue@Bean声明。 然后调用RabbitTemplateexecute方法执行对应的声明、改、删除等基础功能操作。 image.png

Bean加载后进行初始化设置 image.png

autoStartup需要为true image.png image.png

代码演示:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.orcas.spring"})
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setAddresses("192.168.58.129:5672");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("orcas");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("1224");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);
        return rabbitAdmin;
    }
}
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;

    @Test
    public void testAdmin() {
        // 1
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("test.direct", false, false));
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false));
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.direct.queue", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                "test.direct", "direct", new HashMap<>()));

        // 2
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false))
                        .to(new TopicExchange("test.topic", false, false))
                        .with("topic.#"));

        // 清空队列
        rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.topic.queue", false);

    }
}

SpringAMQP 声明

@Bean方式声明

@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange01() {
    return new TopicExchange("topic_exchange01", true, false);
}

@Bean
public Queue queue01() {
    return new Queue("queue01", true);
}

@Bean
public Binding binding01() {
    return BindingBuilder.bind(queue01()).to(exchange01()).with("topic.*");
}

RabbitTemplate

消息模板,提供了发送消息的方法,包括可靠性投递消息方法、回调监听消息接口 ConfirmCallback、返回值确认接口 ReturnCallback 等。需注入到 Spring 容器中。

Spring 整合时需要实例化,与 SpringBoot 整合时,需在配置文件中添加配置。

@Bean
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
    return rabbitTemplate;
}

@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

@Test
public void testSendMessage() {
    // 创建消息
    MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
    messageProperties.setContentType("UTF-8");
    messageProperties.getHeaders().put("desc", "描述");

    Message message = new Message("Hi".getBytes(), messageProperties);

    // 发送消息
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic_exchange01", "topic.amqp", message,
            new MessagePostProcessor() {
                // 额外的消息设置
                @Override
                public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                    message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("desc", "修改描述");
                    return message;
                }
            });

SimpleMessageListenerContainer

简单消息监听容器:

  • 监听(多个)队列、自动启动、自动声明
  • 设置事务特性、事务管理器、事务属性、事务容量(并发)、是否开始事务、回滚消息等。
  • 设置消费者数量、最小最大数量、批量消费
  • 设置消息签收模式、是否重回队列、异常捕获handler函数
  • 设置消费者标签生成策略、是否独占模式、消费者属性等
  • 设置具体的监听器、消息转换器等。
  • 可动态设置配置项
 @Bean
    public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
        container.setQueues(queue01(), queue02());
        container.setConcurrentConsumers(1); // 当前消费者数量
        container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(5);
        container.setDefaultRequeueRejected(false); // 重回队列
        container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.AUTO); // 签收模式
        container.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() { // 消费端标签策略
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String queue) {
                return queue + "_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            }
        });
        container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
                String msg = new String(message.getBody());
                System.out.println("====== 消费者 ======" + msg);
            }
        });

        return container;
    }

MessageListenerAdapter

消息监听适配器

  • defaultListenerMethod 默认监听方法名称:用于设置监听方法名称
  • Delegate 委托对象:实际真实的委托对象,用于处理消息
  • queueOrTagToMethodName 队列标识与方法名称组成的集合,可以将队列和方法名绑定,指定队列中的消息会被所绑定的方法处理
  1. 可以使用自定义的消息监听器,不再是上文中new ChannelAwareMessageListener()并重写其onMessage()方法。
 ...
 ...
 MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
 container.setMessageListener(adapter);
 ...
 ...

默认方法名是hanleMessage

public class MessageDelegate {

    public void handleMessage(byte[] messageBody) {
        System.out.println("== 消息内容 ==" + new String(messageBody));
    }
}
  1. 可通过adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");设置方法名
public class MessageDelegate {

    public void consumeMessage(String messageBody) {
        System.out.println("== 消息内容 ==" + new String(messageBody));
    }
}
  1. 而如果想要改变方法的入参,可以设置一个自定义的消息转换器,通过自定义一个Converter实现MessageConverter接口。(1.6 再补充)
// 该转换器将字节数组转换成String
adapter.setMessageConverter(new TextMessageConverter());

public class TextMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        return new Message(object.toString().getBytes(), messageProperties);
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        String contentType = message.getMessageProperties().getContentType();
        // 定义的转换规则
        if (null != contentType && contentType.contains("text")) {
            return new String(message.getBody());
        }
        return message.getBody();
    }
}
  1. 将队列名称和路由的方法进行绑定
MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("queue01", "method01");
map.put("queue02", "method02");
// 将队列名称和路由的方法进行绑定
adapter.setQueueOrTagToMethodName(map);
container.setMessageListener(adapter);

MessageConverter

消息转换器 正常情况下,消息体为二进制的数据方式传输,可以通过实现MessageConverter接口自定义转换器。

需要重写两个方法:

  • toMessagejava对象转换为Message
  • fromMessage Message对象转换为java对象

几种类型的转换器:

  • Json转换器:Jackson2JsonMessageConverter 进行Java对象的转换功能
  • DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper映射器:Java对象的映射关系
  • 自定义二进制转换器:如图片类型、PDFPPT、流媒体
  1. Json 转换器:Jackson2JsonMessageConverter (入参Map)
MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
container.setMessageListener(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
  1. 支持Java对象的转换:DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper&Jackson2JsonMessageConverter (入参Java对象)
MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");

Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper defaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();
jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(defaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper);
adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
  1. 支持java对象多映射转换:DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper & Jackson2JsonMessageConverter
MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper javaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();

Map<String, Class<?>> idClassMapping = new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();
// (标签, 类的全路径)将标签和类进行绑定
        idClassMapping.put("order", com.orcas.spring.entity.Order.class);
        idClassMapping.put("packaged", com.orcas.spring.entity.Packaged.class);

        javaTypeMapper.setIdClassMapping(idClassMapping);

        jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(javaTypeMapper);
adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
  1. 全局的转换器:ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter
MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");

//全局的转换器:
ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter convert = new ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter();

TextMessageConverter textConvert = new TextMessageConverter();
convert.addDelegate("text", textConvert);
convert.addDelegate("html/text", textConvert);
convert.addDelegate("xml/text", textConvert);
convert.addDelegate("text/plain", textConvert);

Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jsonConvert = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
convert.addDelegate("json", jsonConvert);
convert.addDelegate("application/json", jsonConvert);

ImageMessageConverter imageConverter = new ImageMessageConverter();
convert.addDelegate("image/png", imageConverter);
convert.addDelegate("image", imageConverter);

PDFMessageConverter pdfConverter = new PDFMessageConverter();
convert.addDelegate("application/pdf", pdfConverter);


adapter.setMessageConverter(convert);
container.setMessageListener(adapter);
  1. 图片转换器:
public class ImageMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
            throw new MessageConversionException(" convert error ! ");
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
            System.err.println("-----------Image MessageConverter----------");
            // 获取消息扩展属性中的"extName"
            Object _extName = message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().get("extName");
            // 若为空默认为png, 否则就获取该扩展名
            String extName = _extName == null ? "png" : _extName.toString();

            byte[] body = message.getBody();
            String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            // 该图的路径+图片名
            String path = "d:/010_test/" + fileName + "." + extName;
            File f = new File(path);
            try {
                    Files.copy(new ByteArrayInputStream(body), f.toPath());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return f;
    }
}
  1. PDF转换器:
public class PDFMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

	@Override
	public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
		throw new MessageConversionException(" convert error ! ");
	}

	@Override
	public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
		System.err.println("-----------PDF MessageConverter----------");
		
		byte[] body = message.getBody();
		String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
		String path = "d:/010_test/" + fileName + ".pdf";
		File f = new File(path);
		try {
			Files.copy(new ByteArrayInputStream(body), f.toPath());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return f;
	}

}

测试代码

    @Test
	public void testSendExtConverterMessage() throws Exception {
//			byte[] body = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("d:/002_books", "picture.png"));
//			MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
//			messageProperties.setContentType("image/png");
//			messageProperties.getHeaders().put("extName", "png");
//			Message message = new Message(body, messageProperties);
//			rabbitTemplate.send("", "image_queue", message);
		
			byte[] body = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("d:/002_books", "mysql.pdf"));
			MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
			messageProperties.setContentType("application/pdf");
			Message message = new Message(body, messageProperties);
			rabbitTemplate.send("", "pdf_queue", message);
	}

RabbitMQ整合SpringBoot

基本配置

依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

消息的生产端

配置文件:

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.58.129
    port: 5672
    username: orcas
    password: 1224
    virtual-host: /
    connection-timeout: 15000
    publisher-confirms: true
    publisher-returns: true
    template:
      mandatory: true
  • publisher-confirms,实现一个监听器用于监听Broker端返回的确认请求。
  • publisher-returns,保证消息对Broker端是可达的,如果出现路由键不可达情况,则使用监听器对不可达消息进行后续处理,保证消息的路由成功。
  • template.mandatory=true,true,则监听器会接收到路由不可达的消息,然后进行处理;false,Broker会自动删除该消息。默认是false。

RabbitMQConfig 配置文件(可选)

可以参考与Spring整合中的配置文件,就是以@Bean的方式声明交换机、队列与绑定关系。

发送消息

当消息路由失败,会调用 ReturnCallback

@Component
public class RabbitSender {

	//自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
	@Autowired
	private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;  
	
	//回调函数: confirm确认
	final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
		@Override
		public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
			System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
			System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
			if(!ack){
				System.err.println("异常处理....");
			}
		}
	};
	
	//回调函数: return返回
	final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
		@Override
		public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
				String exchange, String routingKey) {
			System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " 
				+ routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
		}
	};
	
	//发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息
	public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
		MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
		Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
		rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
		rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
		// 设置消息的唯一id
		CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890"); //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
	}
	
	//发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息
	public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
		rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
		rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
		//id + 时间戳 全局唯一 
		CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321");
		rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
	}
}

消息的消费端

配置文件:

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.58.129
    port: 5672
    username: orcas
    password: 1224
    virtual-host: /
    connection-timeout: 15000
    publisher-confirms: true
    publisher-returns: true
    template:
      mandatory: true
    listener:
      simple:
        acknowledge-mode: manual # 手动ack
        concurrency: 5 # 监听消息的个数
        max-concurrency: 10 
      # 自定义mq配置 用于声明交换机、队列、绑定路由的参数
      order:
        queue:
          name: queue-2
          durable: true
        exchange:
          name: exchange-2
          durable: true
          type: topic
          ignoreDeclarationExceptions: true
        key: springboot.*

@RabbitListener 消费端监听

@Exchange、@Queue、@QueueBinding组合注解用来声明交换机、队列和绑定路由。

@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {

	@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
			value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", 
			durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
			exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", 
			durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", 
			type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", 
			ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
			key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.routingKey}"
			)
	)
	@RabbitHandler
	public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order, Channel channel, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
		System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
		System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
		Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
		//手工ACK
		channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
	}
}

RabbitMQ 整合 Spring Cloud Stream

SpringCloudStream不能保证消息的100%可靠性,用于和Kafka兼顾,目的是高性能的消息通信。

Spring Cloud Stream 整体架构核心概念图

多了InputOutput的通道 image.png image.png image.png

Barista接口

Barista接口:定义作为后面类的参数,定义通道类型(决定通道是用于发送还是接收消息)和通道名称(作为配置用)。
@Output:输出注解,用于定义发送消息接口。
@Input:输入接口,用于定义消息的消费者接口。
@StreamListener:用于定义监听方法的注解。

整合

依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
</dependency>

生产端

Barista接口:定义输出通道,添加绑定关系

public interface Barista {
	  
    String OUTPUT_CHANNEL = "output_channel";   
   
    // 注解@Output声明了它是一个输出类型的通道,名字是output_channel。
    // 这一名字与app1中通道名一致,表明注入了一个名字为output_channel的通道
    // 类型是output,发布的主题名为mydest。  
    @Output(Barista.OUTPUT_CHANNEL)
    MessageChannel logoutput();    
}  

配置

spring:
  cloud:
    stream:
      bindings:
        output_channel:
          destination: exchange-3
          group: queue-3
          binder: rabbit_cluster
      binders:
        rabbit_cluster:
          type: rabbit
          enviroment:
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                address: 192.168.58.129:5672
                username: orcas
                password: 1224
                virtual-host: /
@EnableBinding(Barista.class)
@Service  
public class RabbitmqSender {  
  
    @Autowired  
    private Barista barista;  
    
    // 发送消息
    public String sendMessage(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {  
        try{
        	MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
        	Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
            boolean sendStatus = barista.logoutput().send(msg);
            System.err.println("--------------sending -------------------");
            System.out.println("发送数据:" + message + ",sendStatus: " + sendStatus);
        }catch (Exception e){  
        	System.err.println("-------------error-------------");
        	e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
           
        }  
        return null;
    }   
}  

消费端

Barista

public interface Barista {
	  
    String INPUT_CHANNEL = "input_channel";  

    // 注解@Input声明了它是一个输入类型的通道,名字是Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL,也就是position3的input_channel。
    // 这一名字与上述配置app2的配置文件中position1应该一致,表明注入了一个名字叫做input_channel的通道,
    // 它的类型是input,订阅的主题是position2处声明的mydest这个主题  
    @Input(Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL)  
    SubscribableChannel loginput();  
}  

配置

spring:
  cloud:
    stream:
      bindings:
        input_channel:
          destination: exchange-3
          group: queue-3
          binder: rabbit_cluster
          consumer:
            concurrency: 1
      rabbit:
        bindings:
          input_channle:
            consumer:
              requeue-rejected: false
              acknowledge-mode: MANUAL
              recovery-interval: 3000
              durable-subscription: true
              max-concurrency: 5
      binders:
        rabbit_cluster:
          type: rabbit
          enviroment:
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                address: 192.168.58.129:5672
                username: orcas
                password: 1224
                virtual-host: /

接收

@EnableBinding(Barista.class)
@Service
public class RabbitmqReceiver {  

    @StreamListener(Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL)  
    public void receiver(Message message) throws Exception {  
		Channel channel = (com.rabbitmq.client.Channel) message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.CHANNEL);
		Long deliveryTag = (Long) message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
    	System.out.println("Input Stream 1 接受数据:" + message);
    	System.out.println("消费完毕------------");
    	channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
    }  
}