这是我参与更文挑战的第 4 天，活动详情查看： 更文挑战
在 AQS 的介绍中，锁分为独占锁和共享锁，在上节中我们介绍了独占锁 ReentrantLock，本次将针对另一个独占锁 ReentrantReadWriteLock 进行学习。
1. ReadWriteLock
ReadWriteLock 属于独占锁，它内部包含一对相互关联的 Lock 锁，分别用于读写操作。只要没有 writer，读取锁可以由多个 reader 线程同时保持。写入锁是独占的。
read-write 锁相比互斥锁提供了更大的并发量级别。虽然一次只有一个线程（writer 线程）可以修改共享数据，但在许多情况下，任何数量的线程可以同时读取共享数据（reader 线程），读-写锁利用了这一点。从理论上讲，与互斥锁相比，使用读-写锁所允许的并发性增强将带来更大的性能提高。在实践中，只有在多处理器上并且只在访问模式适用于共享数据时，才能完全实现并发性增
相比于互斥锁，使用 read-write 锁提供了更强的并发能力。但是提升性能取决于读写操作期间读取数据相对于修改数据的频率，以及数据的争用——即在同一时间试图对该数据执行读取或写入操作的线程数。
例如，某个最初用数据填充并且之后不经常对其进行修改的 collection，因为经常对其进行搜索（比如搜索某种目录），所以这样的 collection 是使用读-写锁的理想候选者。但是，如果数据更新变得频繁，数据在大部分时间都被独占锁，这时，就算存在并发性增强，也是微不足道的。更进一步地说，如果读取操作所用时间太短，则读-写锁实现（它本身就比互斥锁复杂）的开销将成为主要的执行成本，在许多读-写锁实现仍然通过一小段代码将所有线程序列化时更是如此。最终，只有通过分析和测量，才能确定应用程序是否适合使用读-写锁。
所以根据上面分析，读写锁适用于读取较多、写比较少的场景。
public interface ReadWriteLock {
/**
* Returns the lock used for reading.
*
* @return the lock used for reading.
*/
Lock readLock();
/**
* Returns the lock used for writing.
*
* @return the lock used for writing.
*/
Lock writeLock();
}
ReadWriteLock 提供了两个方法分别用于获取 Read-Lock 和 Write-Lock。
2. ReentrantReadWriteLock
ReentrantReadWriteLock 与 ReentrantLock 实现非常类似。它具有以下特点：
1、锁获取顺序
ReentrantLock 不会将读取者优先或写入者优先强加给锁访问的排序。但是支持配置是否公平锁。
2、默认模式，非公平模式
当非公平策略（默认）构造时，未指定进入读写锁的顺序，受到 reentrancy 约束的限制。连续竞争的非公平锁可能无限期地推迟一个或多个 reader 或 writer 线程，但吞吐量通常要高于公平锁。
3、公平模式
当使用公平策略是，线程使用一种近似同步到达的顺序争夺资源。当线程释放当前持有锁时，等待时间最长的 write 线程获取到写入锁，如果有一组等待时间大于所有正在等待的 writer 线程的 reader 线程，将为该组分配写入锁。
当一个线程尝试获取公平策略的 read-lock 时，如果 write-lock 被持有或者有等待的 write 线程，则当前线程会阻塞。直到当前最旧的等待 writer 线程已获得并释放了写入锁之后，该线程才会获得读取锁。当然，如果等待 writer 放弃其等待，而保留一个或更多 reader 线程为队列中带有写入锁自由的时间最长的 waiter，则将为那些 reader 分配读取锁。
4、锁降级
重入还允许从写入锁降级为读取锁，其实现方式是：先获取写入锁，然后获取读取锁，最后释放写入锁。但是，从读取锁升级到写入锁是不可能的。
class CachedData {
Object data;
volatile boolean cacheValid;
ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
void processCachedData() {
rwl.readLock().lock();
if (!cacheValid) {
// Must release read lock before acquiring write lock
rwl.readLock().unlock();
rwl.writeLock().lock();
// Recheck state because another thread might have acquired
// write lock and changed state before we did.
if (!cacheValid) {
data = ...
cacheValid = true;
}
// Downgrade by acquiring read lock before releasing write lock
rwl.readLock().lock();
rwl.writeLock().unlock(); // Unlock write, still hold read
}
use(data);
rwl.readLock().unlock();
}
}
5、锁获取的中断
读取锁和写入锁都支持锁获取期间的中断。
6、Condition 支持
写入锁提供了一个 Condition 实现，对于写入锁来说，该实现的行为与 ReentrantLock.newCondition() 提供的 Condition 实现对 ReentrantLock 所做的行为相同。当然此 Condition 只能用于写入锁。
读取锁不支持 Condition，readLock().newCondition() 会抛出 UnsupportedOperationException。
在使用某些种类的 Collection 时，可以使用 ReentrantReadWriteLock 来提高并发性。通常，在预期 collection 很大，读取者线程访问它的次数多于写入者线程，并且 entail 操作的开销高于同步开销时，这很值得一试。例如，以下是一个使用 TreeMap 的类，预期它很大，并且能被同时访问。
class RWDictionary {
private final Map<String, Data> m = new TreeMap<String, Data>();
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private final Lock r = rwl.readLock();
private final Lock w = rwl.writeLock();
public Data get(String key) {
r.lock();
try { return m.get(key); }
finally { r.unlock(); }
}
public String[] allKeys() {
r.lock();
try { return m.keySet().toArray(); }
finally { r.unlock(); }
}
public Data put(String key, Data value) {
w.lock();
try { return m.put(key, value); }
finally { w.unlock(); }
}
public void clear() {
w.lock();
try { m.clear(); }
finally { w.unlock(); }
}
}
实现注意事项
此锁最多支持 65535 个递归写入锁和 65535 个读取锁。试图超出这些限制将导致锁方法抛出 Error。
3. ReentrantReadWriteLock源码分析
3.1 基本结构组成
还是先从类的成员变量组成来分析。
public class ReentrantReadWriteLock
implements ReadWriteLock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6992448646407690164L;
/** Inner class providing readlock */
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
/** Inner class providing writelock */
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
/** Performs all synchronization mechanics */
final Sync sync;
/**
* Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
* default (nonfair) ordering properties.
*/
public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
this(false);
}
/**
* Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
* the given fairness policy.
*
* @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
*/
public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
}
.....
}
ReentrantReadWriteLock 内部由一个 ReadLock 对象和一个 WriteLock 对象组成，分别是由内部类实现。同时包含实现同步功能的 Sync 对象。在构造方法总，支持无参构造函数和有参构造函数，默认是采用非公平策略。所以根据构造函数中FairSync、NonfairSync、ReadLock和WriteLock这四个类的实现。
ReentrantReadWriteLock实现了ReadWriteLock接口。ReadWriteLock是一个读写锁的接口，提供了"获取读锁的readLock()函数" 和 "获取写锁的writeLock()函数"。ReentrantReadWriteLock中包含：sync对象，读锁readerLock和写锁writerLock。读锁ReadLock和写锁WriteLock都实现了Lock接口。读锁ReadLock和写锁WriteLock中也都分别包含了Sync对象，它们的Sync对象和ReentrantReadWriteLock的Sync对象 是一样的，就是通过sync，读锁和写锁实现了对同一个对象的访问。- 和
ReentrantLock一样，sync是Sync类型；而且，Sync也是一个继承于AQS的抽象类。Sync也包括"公平锁"FairSync和"非公平锁"NonfairSync。sync对象是FairSync和NonfairSync中的一个，默认是NonfairSync。
3.2 Sync 类的源码
通过上面的 UM L类图关系可以看出，最终 ReadLock 和 WriteLock 执行的本质方法都是在 Sync 类中。
/**
* ReentrantReadWriteLock内部的实现机制
* @author Iflytek_dsw
*
*/
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6317671515068378041L;
/**
* 这些量用来计算Read和Write锁的数量，ReentrantReadWriterLock使用一个32位的int类型来表示锁被占用的线程数
* （ReentrantLock中的state）采取的办法是：
* 高16位用来表示读锁（共享锁）占有的线程数量，用低16位表示写锁（独占锁）被占用的数量
*/
static final int SHARED_SHIFT = 16;
static final int SHARED_UNIT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT);
static final int MAX_COUNT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
static final int EXCLUSIVE_MASK = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
/**
* 通过进行右移16位计算出共享锁（读取锁）的占用个数
*/
static int sharedCount(int c) { return c >>> SHARED_SHIFT; }
/**
* 通过进行&运算计算出低16位的写锁（独占锁）个数
*/
static int exclusiveCount(int c) { return c & EXCLUSIVE_MASK; }
/**
* 定义一个容器来计算保存每个线程read锁的个数
*/
static final class HoldCounter {
int count = 0;
// Use id, not reference, to avoid garbage retention
final long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
}
/**
* ThreadLocal的使用来针对每个线程进行存储HoldCounter
*/
static final class ThreadLocalHoldCounter
extends ThreadLocal<HoldCounter> {
public HoldCounter initialValue() {
return new HoldCounter();
}
}
/**
* 一个read线程的HoldCounter，当为0的时候进行删除。
*/
private transient ThreadLocalHoldCounter readHolds;
/**
* cachedHoldCounter 缓存的是最后一个获取线程的HolderCount信息，
* 该变量主要是在如果当前线程多次获取读锁时，减少从readHolds中获取HoldCounter的次数
*/
private transient HoldCounter cachedHoldCounter;
/**
* firstReader is the first thread to have acquired the read lock.
* firstReaderHoldCount is firstReader's hold count.
*/
private transient Thread firstReader = null;
private transient int firstReaderHoldCount;
Sync() {
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
setState(getState()); // ensures visibility of readHolds
}
/**
* Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
* the read lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
* because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
*/
abstract boolean readerShouldBlock();
/**
* Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
* the write lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
* because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
*/
abstract boolean writerShouldBlock();
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
/**当前线程不支持锁的时候，抛IllegalMonitor异常*/
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
int nextc = getState() - releases;
/**当前锁线程的个数是否为0个*/
boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
if (free)
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(nextc);
return free;
}
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
//省略
}
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
//省略
}
private IllegalMonitorStateException unmatchedUnlockException() {
return new IllegalMonitorStateException(
"attempt to unlock read lock, not locked by current thread");
}
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
//省略
}
/**
* Full version of acquire for reads, that handles CAS misses
* and reentrant reads not dealt with in tryAcquireShared.
*/
final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
//省略
}
/**
* Performs tryLock for write, enabling barging in both modes.
* This is identical in effect to tryAcquire except for lack
* of calls to writerShouldBlock.
*/
final boolean tryWriteLock() {
//省略
}
/**
* Performs tryLock for read, enabling barging in both modes.
* This is identical in effect to tryAcquireShared except for
* lack of calls to readerShouldBlock.
*/
final boolean tryReadLock()
//省略
}
protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
// While we must in general read state before owner,
// we don't need to do so to check if current thread is owner
return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
}
// Methods relayed to outer class
final ConditionObject newCondition() {
return new ConditionObject();
}
final Thread getOwner() {
// Must read state before owner to ensure memory consistency
return ((exclusiveCount(getState()) == 0) ?
null :
getExclusiveOwnerThread());
}
final int getReadLockCount() {
return sharedCount(getState());
}
final boolean isWriteLocked() {
return exclusiveCount(getState()) != 0;
}
final int getWriteHoldCount() {
return isHeldExclusively() ? exclusiveCount(getState()) : 0;
}
final int getReadHoldCount() {
//省略
}
/**
* Reconstitute this lock instance from a stream
* @param s the stream
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
s.defaultReadObject();
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
}
final int getCount() { return getState(); }
}
上面的代码中省略多个关键方法的代码实现，代码比较多。后面在具体的流程中会单独挑出来分析。这里我们只要知道在 Sync 类中定义了如下关键方法：
readerShouldBlock()writerShouldBlock()tryAcquire(int acquires)tryReleaseShared(int unused)tryAcquireShared(int unused)tryWriteLock()tryReadLock()
3.3 FairSync公平锁
ReentrantReadWriteLock 同样支持公平锁和非公平锁。FairSync 的实现如下：
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2274990926593161451L;
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
}
在 Sync 类中预留了 writerShouldBlock() 和 readerShouldBlock() 两个抽象方法供子类重写。在 FairSync 中返回的是 hasQueuedPredecessors() 方法的返回值。
/**
* 当前线程前面是否有处理的线程，如果有返回true，反之返回false。
* 队列为空同样返回false
*/
public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
Node h = head;
Node s;
return h != t &&
((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
}
3.4 NonfairSync 非公平锁
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8159625535654395037L;
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return false; // writers can always barge
}
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
/* As a heuristic to avoid indefinite writer starvation,
* block if the thread that momentarily appears to be head
* of queue, if one exists, is a waiting writer. This is
* only a probabilistic effect since a new reader will not
* block if there is a waiting writer behind other enabled
* readers that have not yet drained from the queue.
*/
return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
}
}
在非公平锁中，write 返回的是 false。而在读锁中则返回 apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() 方法。
final boolean apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() {
Node h, s;
return (h = head) != null &&
(s = h.next) != null &&
!s.isShared() &&
s.thread != null;
}
该方法如果头节点不为空，并头节点的下一个节点不为空，并且不是共享模式【独占模式，写锁】、并且线程不为空，则返回 true。
这个方法判断队列的 head.next 是否正在等待独占锁（写锁，因为在 ReentrantReadWriteLock 中读写锁共用一个队列）。当然这个方法执行的过程中队列的形态可能发生变化。这个方法的意思是：读锁不应该让写锁始终等待，因为在同一时刻读写锁只能有一种锁在“工作”。
3.5 ReadLock 源码解读
ReadLock 是读取锁的获取。
public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5992448646407690164L;
private final Sync sync;
/**
* Constructor for use by subclasses
*
* @param lock the outer lock object
* @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
*/
protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
/**
* Acquires the read lock.
* 申请read锁
* 如果write锁没有被别的线程持有，则立即返回read锁。如果write锁被占用，则当前线程会被阻塞，直至获取到read锁。
*/
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
/**
* Acquires the read lock only if the write lock is not held by
* another thread at the time of invocation.
*
* <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
* this method will return immediately with the value
* {@code false}.
*
* @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
*/
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryReadLock();
}
public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
/**
* Attempts to release this lock.
*
* <p> If the number of readers is now zero then the lock
* is made available for write lock attempts.
*/
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
/**
* Throws {@code UnsupportedOperationException} because
* {@code ReadLocks} do not support conditions.
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
*/
public Condition newCondition() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
* The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Read locks ="}
* followed by the number of held read locks.
*
* @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
*/
public String toString() {
int r = sync.getReadLockCount();
return super.toString() +
"[Read locks = " + r + "]";
}
}
ReadLock 继承 Lock 类，并实现了对应的申请所、释放锁方法。
3.5.1 ReadLock申请锁lock
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
read 锁是共享锁，这里调用 sync 对象的 acquireShared() 方法来申请锁。
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
这里 tryAcquireShared 方法执行就到了 Sync 类中。
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
/*
* Walkthrough:
* 1. 如果write锁被其它线程占用，申请fail
* 2. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for
* lock wrt state, so ask if it should block
* because of queue policy. If not, try
* to grant by CASing state and updating count.
* Note that step does not check for reentrant
* acquires, which is postponed to full version
* to avoid having to check hold count in
* the more typical non-reentrant case.
* 3. If step 2 fails either because thread
* apparently not eligible or CAS fails or count
* saturated, chain to version with full retry loop.
*/
/**获取当前的线程*/
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
/**获取当前锁的状态值*/
int c = getState();
/**如果写锁（独占锁）占有个数不为0，并且持有线程不等于当前线程，返回-1*/
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
/**获取读取锁（共享锁）的个数*/
int r = sharedCount(c);
/** 如果当前read锁不被阻塞，并且个数小于最大MAX_COUNT,同时CAS操作成功*/
if (!readerShouldBlock() &&
r < MAX_COUNT &&
compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (r == 0) {//如果当前共享锁个数为0，没有被持有
/**当前线程赋值给firstReader，并且firstReadHoldCount赋值为1*/
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
/**如果当前线程已经持有所，则firstReaderHoldCount自加1*/
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {/**其它情况则是新来的一个线程*/
/**新建一个HoldCounter对象存储cachedHoldCounter*/
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
/**如果cachedHoldCounter为空，或tid不等于当前线程*/
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
}
return 1;
}
/**如果锁被占用等不满足上述情况，则通过fullTryAcquireShared进行申请*/
return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
}
在 tryAcquireShared 方法中， 如果当前 read 锁不被阻塞，并且个数小于最大 MAX_COUNT,同时 CAS 操作成功则申请锁成功。反之通过 fullTryAcquireShared 方法进行申请。
final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
HoldCounter rh = null;
/**采用自旋的方式，直至申请到锁*/
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
/**如果Write锁被占用，并且持有线程不是当前线程则返回-1*/
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0) {
if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
// else we hold the exclusive lock; blocking here
// would cause deadlock.
} else if (readerShouldBlock()) {//Write锁被持有
// 如果最近没有申请过read锁
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
} else {//没有申请过
if (rh == null) {
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId()) {
rh = readHolds.get();
if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.remove();
}
}
if (rh.count == 0)
return -1;
}
}
/**Read锁已经到达最大值*/
if (sharedCount(c) == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (sharedCount(c) == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
if (rh == null)
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
cachedHoldCounter = rh; // cache for release
}
return 1;
}
}
}
采用自旋的方式，其它逻辑同 tryAcquireShared 类似；
- 如果
Write锁被占有，并且持有写锁的线程不是当前线程直接返回-1； - 如果
Write锁当前线程持有，并且在CLH队列中下一个节点是Write锁，则返回-1。
最后在所有申请失败返回 -1 的时候，则通过 doAcquireShared() 方法进行申请。
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
通过上面的分析 ReadLock 的 lock 执行流程如下：
3.5.2 tryLock() 尝试申请锁
前面在 ReentrantLock 的笔记中，同样有 tryLock 方法。其实它们都差不多。
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryReadLock();
}
tryLock 的内部调用的 Sync 类的 tryReadLock() 方法。
final boolean tryReadLock() {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
/**Write锁被占用并且占用线程不是当前线程，返回false*/
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return false;
/**返回read锁的个数*/
int r = sharedCount(c);
/**如果是最大值，则抛出异常*/
if (r == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (r == 0) {//Read的个数为0，则将当前线程赋值给firstReader，并且firstReaderHoldCount赋值为1
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {//如果firstReader==当前线程，则firstReaderHoldCount自加1
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
}
return true;
}
}
}
3.5.3 锁的释放
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
unlock 释放锁最终还是在 Sync 类的 releaseShared 方法中进行释放。releaseShared 方法是在 AQS 类中。
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}
在 AQS 中，我们知道 releaseShared 方法是 AQS 预留给子类进行实现的，所以最终的实现还是在 Sync 类中。
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
firstReader = null;
else
firstReaderHoldCount--;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
int count = rh.count;
if (count <= 1) {
readHolds.remove();
if (count <= 0)
throw unmatchedUnlockException();
}
--rh.count;
}
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
// Releasing the read lock has no effect on readers,
// but it may allow waiting writers to proceed if
// both read and write locks are now free.
return nextc == 0;
}
}
4 总结
上面我们针对 ReadLock 的锁的申请、释放进行了分析，WriteLock 由于是个独占锁，大致跟ReentrantLock 流程差不多，不做过多分析。总体说来，还是需要多读几遍源码才能理解透彻。
最后给一个使用的示例：
public class MyTest {
static StudentList studentList = new StudentList();
public static void main(String[]args){
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
studentList.addItem();
}
}).start();
}
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
studentList.printList();
}
}).start();
}
}
}
class StudentList{
private List<Integer> listNumber = new ArrayList<Integer>();
private ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private ReadLock readLock;
private WriteLock writeLock;
public StudentList(){
readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();
writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();
}
public void printList(){
readLock.lock();
for(int i=0;i<listNumber.size();i++){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--printList--current:" + i);
}
readLock.unlock();
}
public void addItem(){
writeLock.lock();
for(int i=listNumber.size();i<5;i++){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--addItem--current:" + i);
listNumber.add(i);
}
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
执行结果：
Thread-0--addItem--current:0
Thread-0--addItem--current:1
Thread-0--addItem--current:2
Thread-0--addItem--current:3
Thread-0--addItem--current:4
Thread-3--printList--current:0
Thread-3--printList--current:1
Thread-3--printList--current:2
Thread-3--printList--current:3
Thread-3--printList--current:4
Thread-4--printList--current:0
Thread-5--printList--current:0
Thread-4--printList--current:1
Thread-5--printList--current:1
Thread-4--printList--current:2
Thread-5--printList--current:2
Thread-4--printList--current:3
Thread-5--printList--current:3
Thread-4--printList--current:4
Thread-5--printList--current:4
通过运行结果我们可以证明一个结论：Read 锁是共享锁，每个线程都能获取到。Write 锁是独占锁，只能同时被一个线程持有。
当我们把 Write 锁释放代码注释：
public void addItem(){
writeLock.lock();
for(int i=listNumber.size();i<5;i++){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--addItem--current:" + i);
listNumber.add(i);
}
//writeLock.unlock();
}
Thread-0--addItem--current:0
Thread-0--addItem--current:1
Thread-0--addItem--current:2
Thread-0--addItem--current:3
Thread-0--addItem--current:4
通过运行结果可以有结论：当Write锁被持有的时候，Read锁是无法被其它线程申请的，会处于阻塞状态。直至Write锁释放。同时也可以验证到当同一个线程持有Write锁时是可以申请到Read锁。
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