Go结构体嵌套、继承

这是我参与更文挑战的第3天，活动详情查看： 更文挑战

1. 结构体嵌套

假设老师只在一个学校任职，只教一个班级学生。

//假设老师只在一个学校任职，只教一个班级学生
type student struct{
	name string
	age int
	class int
	school string
}

type teacher struct{
	name string
	age int
	course string //老师说授课程
	class int
	school string 
}

从上面可以看出学生与老师的班级与学校重叠，这个时候就可以单独将班级与学校信息抽取为一个结构体，再嵌套在学生与教师结构体中。

程序修改为：

package main

import "fmt"

type class_school struct{
	class int
	school string
}

type student struct{
	name string
	age int
	c_s class_school
}

type teacher struct{
	name string
	age int
	course string //老师讲授课程
	c_s class_school
}
func main(){
	s1 := student{
		name : "心安",
		age : 5,
		c_s:class_school{
			class : 8,
			school : "叮当幼儿园",
		},
	}
	t1 := teacher{
		name : "花花老师",
		age : 27,
		course : "美术课",
		c_s :class_school{
			class : 4,
			school :"叮当幼儿园",
		},
	}
	fmt.Println(s1)
	fmt.Println(t1)
}

输出结果：

{心安 5 {8 叮当幼儿园}}
{花花老师 27 美术课 {4 叮当幼儿园}}

Go语言语法糖: 通过匿名嵌套获得嵌套的结构体的元素。

package main

import "fmt"

type class_school struct{
	class int
	school string
}

type student struct{
	name string
	age int
	//c_s class_school
	//匿名嵌套
	class_school
}

type teacher struct{
	name string
	age int
	course string //老师讲授课程
	c_s class_school
}

func main(){
	s1 := student{
		name : "心安",
		age : 5,
		class_school:class_school{
			class : 8,
			school : "叮当幼儿园",
		},
	}
	t1 := teacher{
		name : "花花老师",
		age : 27,
		course : "美术课",
		c_s :class_school{
			class : 4,
			school :"叮当幼儿园",
		},
	}
	//Go语言语法糖
	fmt.Println(t1.c_s.school)
	fmt.Println(s1.school)
}

输出结果：

叮当幼儿园
叮当幼儿园

2. 继承

继承指的是让某个类型的对象获得另一个类型的对象的属性的方法。

package main

import "fmt"

type people struct{
	name string
	age int
}

func (p people) speak(){
	fmt.Printf("%s正在讲话\n",p.name)
}

type student struct{
	no string 
	//继承
	people
}

func (s student) study(){
	fmt.Printf("%s每天学习\n",s.name)
}

func main(){
	s1 := student{
		people:people{
		name : "xiaoxiao",
		age : 2,
		},
		no :"0023",
	}
	fmt.Println(s1)
	s1.speak()
	s1.study()
}

输出结果：

{0023 {xiaoxiao 2}}
xiaoxiao正在讲话
xiaoxiao每天学习