SpringCloudAlibaba系列（二）：微服务环境搭建

SpringCloudAlibaba系列（一）：微服务概念及SpringCloudAlibaba介绍

我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

2.1 案例准备

2.1.1 技术选型

maven： 3.3.9

数据库： MySQL 5.7

持久层: SpingData Jpa

其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程

shop-common 公共模块【实体类】

shop-user 用户微服务【端口: 807x】

shop-product 商品微服务【端口: 808x】

shop-order 订单微服务【端口: 809x】

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者，商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

2.2 创建父工程

创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 

<parent> 

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 

<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version> 

</parent> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

<packaging>pom</packaging> 

<properties> 

<java.version>1.8</java.version> 

<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 

<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 

8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 

<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> 

<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud- 

alibaba.version> 

</properties> 

<dependencyManagement> 

<dependencies> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 

<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 

<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> 

<type>pom</type> 

<scope>import</scope> 

</dependency> 

<dependency>

版本对应：

2.3 创建基础模块

1 创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 

<parent> 

<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</parent> 

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 

<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> 

<dependencies> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> 

</dependency> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> 

<artifactId>lombok</artifactId> 

</dependency> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 

<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.56</version> 

</dependency> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>mysql</groupId> 

<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 

<version>5.1.6</version> 

</dependency> 

</dependencies> 

</project>

2 创建实体类

//用户 

@Entity(name = "shop_user") 

@Data 

public class User { 

@Id 

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 

private Integer uid;//主键 

private String username;//用户名 

private String password;//密码 

private String telephone;//手机号 

}

//商品 

@Entity(name = "shop_product") 

@Data 

public class Product { 

@Id 

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 

private Integer pid;//主键 

private String pname;//商品名称 

private Double pprice;//商品价格 

private Integer stock;//库存 

}

//订单 

@Entity(name = "shop_order") 

@Data 

public class Order { 

@Id 

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 

private Long oid;//订单id 

private Integer uid;//用户id 

private String username;//用户名

2.4 创建用户微服务

步骤:

创建模块导入依赖
创建SpringBoot主类
加入配置文件
创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao)

新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作

1 创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 

<parent> 

<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</parent> 

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 

<artifactId>shop-user</artifactId> 

<dependencies> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</dependency> 

</dependencies> 

</project>

2 编写主类

@SpringBootApplication 

@EnableDiscoveryClient 

public class UserApplication { 

public static void main(String[] args) { 

SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args); 

} 

}

3 创建配置文件

server: 

port: 8071 

spring: 

application: 

name: service-product 

datasource: 

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 

url: jdbc:mysql:///shop? 

serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true 

username: root 

password: root 

jpa:

properties: 

hibernate: 

hbm2ddl: 

auto: update 

dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

2.5 创建商品微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop_product 的模块，并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 

<parent> 

<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</parent> 

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 

<artifactId>shop-product</artifactId> 

<dependencies> 

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 

</dependency> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</dependency> 

</dependencies> 

</project>

2 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima; 

@SpringBootApplication 

public class ProductApplication { 

public static void main(String[] args) { 

SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args); 

} 

}

3 创建配置文件application.yml

server: 

port: 8081 

spring: 

application: 

name: service-product 

datasource: 

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 

url: jdbc:mysql:///shop? 

serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true 

username: root 

password: root 

jpa:

properties: 

hibernate: 

hbm2ddl: 

auto: update 

dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建ProductDao接口

package com.itheima.dao; 

public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> { 

}

5 创建ProductService接口和实现类

package com.itheima.service.impl; 

@Service 

public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService { 

@Autowired 

private ProductDao productDao; 

@Override 

public Product findByPid(Integer pid) { 

return productDao.findById(pid).get(); 

} 

}

6 创建Controller

@RestController 

@Slf4j 

public class ProductController { 

@Autowired 

private ProductService productService; 

@GetMapping("/product/{pid}") 

public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) { 

Product product = productService.findByPid(pid); 

log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product)); 

return product; 

} 

}

7 启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000'); 

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000'); 

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000'); 

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8 通过浏览器访问服务

2.6 创建订单微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 

<parent> 

<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</parent> 

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 

<artifactId>shop-order</artifactId> 

<dependencies> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 

</dependency> 

<dependency> 

<groupId>com.itheima</groupId> 

<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId> 

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 

</dependency> 

</dependencies> 

</project>

2 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima; 

@SpringBootApplication 

public class OrderApplication { 

public static void main(String[] args) { 

SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); 

} 

}

3 创建配置文件application.yml

server: 

port: 8091 

spring: 

application: 

name: service-product 

datasource: 

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 

url: jdbc:mysql:///shop? 

serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true 

username: root 

password: root 

jpa:

properties: 

hibernate: 

hbm2ddl: 

auto: update 

dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建OrderDao接口

package com.itheima.dao; 

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> { 

}

5 创建OrderService接口和实现类

@Service 

public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService { 

@Autowired 

private OrderDao orderDao; 

@Override 

public void save(Order order) { 

orderDao.save(order); 

} 

}

6 创建RestTemplate

@SpringBootApplication 

public class OrderApplication { 

public static void main(String[] args) { 

SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); 

}

@Bean 

public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() { 

return new RestTemplate(); 

} 

}

7 创建Controller

package com.itheima.controller;
@RestController @Slf4j public class OrderController {
	@Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	@Autowired private OrderService orderService;
	//准备买1件商品 
	@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}") 
	public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
		log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
		//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务 
		Product product = restTemplate.getForObject( 
		"http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
		log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setUid(1);
		order.setUsername("测试用户");
		order.setPid(product.getPid());
		order.setPname(product.getPname());
		order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
		order.setNumber(1);
		orderService.save(order);
		return order;
	}
}

7 启动工程,通过浏览器访问服务进行测试

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