为PostgreSQL的表自动添加分区

作者：乐途

笔名：lottu

个人简介：目前在一家游戏公司从事数据库架构设计和开发，曾主导公司去

“O”的相关工作；个人博客：www.cnblogs.com/lottu

PostgreSQL引进“分区”表特性，解放了之前采用“表继承”+“触发器”来实现分区表的繁琐、低效。而添加分区，都是手动执行SQL。

演示目的：利用python来为PostgreSQL的表自动添加分区。

python版本：python3+

pip3 install psycopg2

一、配置数据源

database.ini 文件：记录数据库连接参数

[adsas]
host=192.168.1.201
database=adsas
user=adsas
password=adsas123
port=5432

[test]
host=192.168.1.202
database=adsas
user=adsas
password=adsas123
port=5432

二、config 脚本

config.py 文件：下面的 config() 函数读取 database.ini 文件并返回连接参数。config() 函数位于config.py文件中

#!/usr/bin/python3from configparser import ConfigParser def config(section ,filename='database.ini'): # create a parser parser = ConfigParser() # read config file parser.read(filename) # get section, default to postgresql db = {} if parser.has_section(section): params = parser.items(section) for param in params: db[param[0]] = param[1] else: raise Exception('Section {0} not found in the {1} file'.format(section, filename)) return db

三、创建子表脚本

pg_add_partition_table.py 文件：其中 create_table函数是创建子表SQL。其中参数

参数名

含义

指向数据库

table

主表

sub_table

正要新建的子表名

start_date

范围分界开始值

end_date

范围分界结束值

#!/usr/bin/python3 import psycopg2from config import config # example: create table tbl_game_android_step_log_2021_07 PARTITION OF tbl_game_android_step_log FOR VALUES FROM ('2021-07-01') TO ('2021-08-01');def create_table(db, table, sub_table, start_date, end_date): """ create subtable in the PostgreSQL database""" command = "create table {0} PARTITION OF {1} FOR VALUES FROM ('{2[0]}') TO ('{2[1]}');".format(sub_table, table, (start_date, end_date)) conn = None try: # read the connection parameters params = config(section = db) # connect to the PostgreSQL server conn = psycopg2.connect(**params) cur = conn.cursor() # create table one by one cur.execute(command) # close communication with the PostgreSQL database server cur.close() # commit the changes conn.commit() except (Exception, psycopg2.DatabaseError) as error: print(error) finally: if conn is not None: conn.close()

四、执行文件main.py

main.py：主文件；通过执行main生成分区表。

示例：

#!/usr/bin/python3import datetimefrom datetime import datefrom dateutil.relativedelta import *from pg_add_partition_table import create_table # Get the 1st day of the next monthdef get_next_month_first_day(d): return date(d.year + (d.month == 12), d.month == 12 or d.month + 1 , 1) def create_sub_table(db, table): # Get current date d1 = date.today() # Get next month's date d2 = d1 + relativedelta(months=+1) # Get the 1st day of the next month;As the starting value of the partitioned table start_date = get_next_month_first_day(d1) # Gets the 1st of the next two months as the end value of the partitioned table end_date = get_next_month_first_day(d2) # get sub table name getmonth = datetime.datetime.strftime(d2, '%Y_%m') sub_table = table + '_' + getmonth create_table(db, table, sub_table, start_date, end_date) if __name__ == '__main__': create_sub_table('test', 'tbl_game_android_step_log');

上面示例单独为表tbl_game_android_step_log；创建分区；若多个表；用for语句处理

# 多表操作

for table in ['tbl_game_android_step_log', 'tbl_game_android_game_log','tbl_game_android_pay_log']: create_sub_table('test', table);

演示之前：

演示之后：

adsas=> select * from pg_partition_tree('tbl_game_android_step_log'); relid | parentrelid | isleaf | level -----------------------------------+---------------------------+--------+------- tbl_game_android_step_log | | f | 0 tbl_game_android_step_log_2020_12 | tbl_game_android_step_log | t | 1 tbl_game_android_step_log_2021_01 | tbl_game_android_step_log | t | 1 Partition key: RANGE (visit_time)Partitions: tbl_game_android_step_log_2020_12 FOR VALUES FROM ('2020-12-01 00:00:00') TO ('2021-01-01 00:00:00'), tbl_game_android_step_log_2021_01 FOR VALUES FROM ('2021-01-01 00:00:00') TO ('2021-02-01 00:00:00')

五、加入定时任务

N/A

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