关于线程池的小记

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1. 工作流程

  1. 判断是否核心线程
  2. 加入阻塞队列
  3. 执行拒绝策略

2. 重用线程

while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null){
	...
}

在addWorker()方法中有上述代码,该段代码的作用就是首先会判断task是否为空(也就是当前任务)。如果为空的话,会执行getTask()方法,getTask()方法的作用就是判断阻塞队列中是否还有没有执行的任务,如果有的话会用当前线程执行。下面是getTask()的代码:

    private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }

            int wc = workerCountOf(c);

            // Are workers subject to culling?
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                continue;
            }

            try {
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take(); // 阻塞
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }

该段代码的返回类型就是Runnable,或者null。 返回Runnable: 队列中有值,如果没有则会进行阻塞即执行workQueue.take(); 返回null: 大于线程最大池的参数;超时;线程池处于stop状态;线程池处于shutdown状态,同时阻塞队列为空。

3. 代码中的好味道

class ThreadPoolExecutorprivate boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) 
	class Worker:
        Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
            setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
            this.firstTask = firstTask;
            this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
        }
    	public void run() {
            runWorker(this);
        }

在ThreadPoolExecutor类中有一个内部静态类Worker。通过getThreadFactory().newThread(this)生成一个新的Thread实例,并将当前Worker实例传递进去。而外围的run()方法调用的是ThreadPoolExecutor类中addWorker方法,而该方法的参数就是this(即当前Worker的实例)。 下面是runWorker()方法的代码:

    final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }

从代码中可以看出通过Worker获取当前线程,并从中获取task,然后执行task任务。 可以看到这边写的还是比较绕的,但其实代码的结构非常好。因为从ThreadPoolExecutor类中来说,只关心Worker,因为Worker是对Runnable的封装,所以runWorker中的参数就只有Worker,而没有Runnable,然后从Worker中取出task并进行执行。所以在Worker中生成thread的时候传递的是this指针,进一步在在run()方法中执行runWorker(this)方法,并且传递的也是this指针。这样就不会破坏Worker的封装。 还有一个非常好的点就在runWorker(Worker w)中: Runnable task = w.firstTask; w.firstTask = null; 即时的将firstTask进行置空,避免引发内存泄漏。

4. 线程池参数的设定

  1. IO密集型 t = N * 2;
  2. CPU密集型 t = N + 1;// 此处设定为+1的原因是,防止因为置页错误引发线程中断导致空出一个CPU,+1操作可以弥补这种情况带来的影响。