一.版本和工程配置
在使用前,首先要看一下springboot,springdataelasticsearch 和Elasticsearch对应的版本。
新建springboot工程,pom文件如下,这里选用sringboot的版本为2.1.11,es的版本为6.5.4
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.11.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.zx.springdata.es</groupId>
<artifactId>springdata</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springdata</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置application.properties,这里需要根据springdataElasticsearch的版本来进行配置,3.1.x及以下的版本还是使用transport client进行通讯,3.2.x开始使用restclient进行通讯,配置项会有所不同
spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-name=zhenxian
spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-nodes=127.0.0.1:9300
二.实体类
新建实体类,es测试集群已经新建索引test_ratings,type为doc。实体类中注解@Id用来指定es主键,@Document指定索引名和类型。还可以使用@Field来配置一些和字段相关的属性。
package com.zx.springdata.es.entities;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Document(indexName = "test_ratings", type = "doc")
public class EsRatings implements Serializable {
@Id
private Long id;
private Long productId;
private Long rating;
private String title;
private Long userId;
private String comment;
public EsRatings() {
}
public EsRatings(Long id, Long productId, Long rating, String title, Long userId, String comment) {
this.id = id;
this.productId = productId;
this.rating = rating;
this.title = title;
this.userId = userId;
this.comment = comment;
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public Long getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Long productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Long getRating() {
return rating;
}
public void setRating(Long rating) {
this.rating = rating;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public Long getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Long userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getComment() {
return comment;
}
public void setComment(String comment) {
this.comment = comment;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "EsRatings{" +
"id=" + id +
", productId=" + productId +
", rating=" + rating +
", title='" + title + '\'' +
", userId=" + userId +
", comment='" + comment + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
三.简单使用
3.1新增
首先新建一个Repository的接口,继承ElasticsearchRepository,这种方式其实和springdata-jpa很相似。
public interface EsRatingsRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<EsRatings, Long> {
}
通过继承链,我们申明的接口其实已经包含了一些简单的方法,例如save,我们创建一个新增的测试用例。
@Test
public void add(){
esRatingsRepository.save(new EsRatings(22333L, 2L, 3L, "喜欢", 2L, "很喜欢"));
}
利用kibina查询,写入成功
3.2 查询
package com.zx.springdata.es.repository;
import com.zx.springdata.es.entities.EsRatings;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;
public interface EsRatingsRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<EsRatings, Long> {
Page<EsRatings> findEsRatingsByCommentAndProductId(String comment, Long productId,Pageable pageable);
}
我们在接口内申明方法,findEsRatingsByCommentAndProductId,springdataElasticsearch会根据方法名,解析为es查询语法。方法的定义中,我们希望根据comment和productId,查询rating记录。
我们写一个测试用例来验证下:
@Test
public void repoTest(){
Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(0,20);
Page<EsRatings> resut = esRatingsRepository.findEsRatingsByCommentAndProductId("喜欢", 2L, pageable);
for (EsRatings esRatings : resut){
System.out.println(esRatings);
}
}
查询结果如下:
四.自定义dsl
当使用方法名拼接的方式和接口默认方法不够用的时候,我们还可以使用自定义query的方式。如下,申明方法findByUserId,并利用注解@Query申明查询的dsl
public interface EsRatingsRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<EsRatings, Long> {
Page<EsRatings> findEsRatingsByCommentAndProductId(String comment, Long productId,Pageable pageable);
@Query("{\"term\":{\"userId\":{\"value\":\"?0\"}}}")
List<EsRatings> findByUserId(Long userId);
}
@Query内的dsl对应,body内query内的dsl。
上面的接口对应dsl
{
"query": {
"term": {
"userId": {
"value": "2"
}
}
}
}
查询结果:
五.总结
springdataElasticsearch对于快速搭建搜索应用确实比较好用,但是在工业生产当中,会有很多定制化的需求,一般需要我们根据业务,定制访问es的client或者微服务。
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