iOS 自动化构建命令——xcodebuild

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简介

xcodebuild 是苹果发布自动构建的工具。它在一个Xcode项目下能构建一个或者多个targets ,也能在一个workspace或者Xcode项目上构建scheme,总的来说,用它没错就是了。

用法说明

Tips:在终端输入man xcodebuild,可以看到Description里面有介绍用法。

也可以看官方文档

当你想构建一个Xcode项目,在项目目录下运行xcodebuild就可以了(目录下面包含着projectname.xcodeproj文件就行),如果目录下有多个项目,你需要用参数-project指定一个项目。默认xcodebuild命令会构建你第一个target的。当然你也可以用-targetname指定。

如果要构建workspace,你必须指定-workspace和-scheme参数。

当然你可以以用就比如-version、-showsdks、-list等一些命令来获取一些项目相关的参数。

之前文章使用xcodebuild+xcrun的PackageApplication打包,但是已经不推荐使用了。下面使用arhive和exportArchive来打包

Archive包 在shell里面 [ ]表示这个参数是可选的,< > 表示参数是必须的

话不多说,先上个命令:

xcodebuild archive -workspace 项目名称.xcworkspace 
                   -scheme 项目名称 
                   -configuration 构建配置 
                   -archivePath archive包存储路径 
                   CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY=证书 
                   PROVISIONING_PROFILE=描述文件UUID  

-workspace 这个就是项目名 -scheme 可以通过xcodebuild -list获取 -configration 一些参数,也可以通过xcodebuild -list获取,一般使用Debug、Release -archivePath archive后的路径 CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY 证书的Inentity PROVISIONING_PROFILE 描述文件UUID 来看看xcodebuild -list吧,看看怎么获取scheme和configration

 Information about project "ThreeDTouchTest":
    Targets:
        ThreeDTouchTest
        ThreeDTouchTestTests
        ThreeDTouchTestUITests

    Build Configurations:
        Debug
        Release

    If no build configuration is specified and -scheme is not passed then "Release" is used.

    Schemes:
        ThreeDTouchTest

如果不需要特定去指定证书和Provisioning文件,那可以省略上面这两个参数也可以。不过还是得说一下这两参数怎么获取:

证书Identity获取: 打开你的钥匙串访问->选中其中一个证书->右键->显示简介,把标题复制出来就可以了。

格式是:

iPhone Distribution: Beijing xxoo yyooxx Technology Service CO., Ltd. (UA11AAJJKK8)

获取Provisioning文件UUID 在xcode8.0以上,Provisioning文件的位置是:

/Users/用户名/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning Profiles

在终端上面进入的文件夹。使用/usr/bin/security可以把Provisioning文件解密

/usr/bin/security cms -D -i 098a87e3-11fe-463d-75aa-12345678adba.mobileprovision 在终端输出整个plist文件,里面包含着所有的信息

对了,还有这个命令可以查看项目设置:

xcodebuild -target -configuration -showBuildSettings 生成ipa文件 PackageApplication已经不推荐使用了。下面说一下另外一种打包的方法:

xcodebuild -exportArchive -archivePath archive文件的地址.xcarchive -exportPath 导出的文件夹地址 -exportOptionsPlist exprotOptionsPlist.plist CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY=证书 PROVISIONING_PROFILE=描述文件UUID
同样,如果你不需要的指定证书和Provisioning文件,可以把上面的两个参数去掉,它会根据你的Xcode配置去匹配。

exportOptionsPlist这个参数,它是一个plist文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>teamID</key>
    <string>UA11AAJJKK8</string> //TeamID
    <key>method</key>
    <string>ad-hoc</string> //ad-hoc打包
    <key> compileBitcode</key> //是否编译bitcode
    <false/>
</dict>
</plist>

下面是关于其他字段的解释:

Available keys for -exportOptionsPlist:

compileBitcode : Bool

    For non-App Store exports, should Xcode re-compile the app from bitcode? Defaults to YES.

embedOnDemandResourcesAssetPacksInBundle : Bool

    For non-App Store exports, if the app uses On Demand Resources and this is YES, asset packs are embedded in the app bundle so that the app can be tested without a server to host asset packs. Defaults to YES unless onDemandResourcesAssetPacksBaseURL is specified.

iCloudContainerEnvironment

    For non-App Store exports, if the app is using CloudKit, this configures the "com.apple.developer.icloud-container-environment" entitlement. Available options: Development and Production. Defaults to Development.

manifest : Dictionary

    For non-App Store exports, users can download your app over the web by opening your distribution manifest file in a web browser. To generate a distribution manifest, the value of this key should be a dictionary with three sub-keys: appURL, displayImageURL, fullSizeImageURL. The additional sub-key assetPackManifestURL is required when using on demand resources.

method : String

    Describes how Xcode should export the archive. Available options: app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development, and developer-id. The list of options varies based on the type of archive. Defaults to development.

onDemandResourcesAssetPacksBaseURL : String

    For non-App Store exports, if the app uses On Demand Resources and embedOnDemandResourcesAssetPacksInBundle isn't YES, this should be a base URL specifying where asset packs are going to be hosted. This configures the app to download asset packs from the specified URL.

teamID : String

    The Developer Portal team to use for this export. Defaults to the team used to build the archive.

thinning : String

    For non-App Store exports, should Xcode thin the package for one or more device variants? Available options: <none> (Xcode produces a non-thinned universal app), <thin-for-all-variants> (Xcode produces a universal app and all available thinned variants), or a model identifier for a specific device (e.g. "iPhone7,1"). Defaults to <none>.

uploadBitcode : Bool

    For App Store exports, should the package include bitcode? Defaults to YES.

uploadSymbols : Bool

    For App Store exports, should the package include symbols? Defaults to YES.

然后上传到Fir 这个就更简单了,敬请参照:Fir的命令行客户端

总结

作为开发人员,肯定不可能天天跟着测试人员跑。自动化是非常有必要的,所以会点脚本,肯定不会吃亏。