Android源码系列-解密EventBus

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EventBus是什么?

简介

EventBus是Android和Java的开源库,它使用发布者/订阅者模式进行松散耦合。EventBus使用了总线控制,能够用几行代码解耦类及简化代码,消除依赖关系,加速应用程序开发。

下图为官方示例图:

官方示例图

官网网址:EventBus官网

Github地址:Github

特点

  • 简化组件之间的通信
  • 发送者和接收者高度解耦
  • 性能高效,社区活跃
  • 库文件很小(<50KB)
  • 具有简便配置线程、优先级等高级特性

EventBus怎么用?

1、gradle引入

implementation 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.1.1'

2、注册与取消注册

//注册
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);

//取消注册
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);

3、事件定义与发送

//定义
public class MessageEvent {
}
//发送
EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent());

4、事件接收

 @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING)
    public void onEventMainThread(MessageEvent event) {
        // doSomeThing();
    };

EventBus核心执行流程是怎样?

EventBus的使用包含注册、取消注册、事件定义发送及事件接收。当用户进行注册时,会通过反射获取实例中定义事件方法集合,然后将事件方法集合及订阅者加入到Map中,当执行post时,会根据事件类型,从集合中获取对应的订阅集合,通过配置的threadMode,使用对应的Poster调用订阅者的事件,最后通过反射method的invoke执行事件。

关键类功能说明

说明
EventBus 总线调度类,getDefault()为单例模式。内部持有订阅者及事件集合。还有各事件的发送器。eventTypesCache(缓存所有粘性事件的集合)、subscriptionsByEventType(key为事件,value为订阅者集合的Map)、typesBySubscriber(key为订阅者,value为事件集合的Map)、currentPostingThreadState(ThreadLocal,当前线程的事件集合)、mainThreadPoster(主线程的post)、backgroundPoster(后台线程的post)、asyncPoster(异步线程的post)、subscriberMethodFinder(获取订阅者中的事件)
SubscriberMethod 订阅方法的类,包含Method、ThreadMode、priority等配置属性
Subscription 订阅者类,包含subscriber的Object实例、subscriberMethod
PostingThreadState 存储当前线程的事件集合
SubscriberMethodFinder 用于获取订阅中的定义的事件接收方法
PendingPost subscription与event的包装类,内部维护一个pendingPostPool,当池中有PendingPost实例,会进行复用
PendingPostQueue 内部维护了一个head、tail的PendingPost实例,提供enqueue及poll操作
HandlerPoster 用于处理主线程的事件执行
BackgroundPoster 用于处理后台线程的事件执行
AsyncPoster 用于执行异步线程的事件执行

代码执行流程

注册-register

注册主要是通过反射获取订阅者中定义的事件方法集合,将订阅者和事件集合加入对应的Map,然后会判断是否支持粘性事件,将之前发送的粘性事件缓存发送给订阅者。

1、 源码实现

public void register(Object subscriber) {
        //获取注册的Object的Class
        Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
        //通过subscriberMethodFinder获取该Object中所有的订阅方法(SubscriberMethod集合)
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
        synchronized (this) {
            //遍历事件集合
            for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            }
        }
    }
    
  private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
        Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
        //生成Subscription对象(SubscriberMethod的包装类)
        Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        //获取subscriptionsByEventType集合(key为事情,value为订阅集合)
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
        if (subscriptions == null) {
            subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
            subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
        } else {
            if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                        + eventType);
            }
        }

        int size = subscriptions.size();
        for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
            if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
                subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
                break;
            }
        }
        //获取typesBySubscriber集合(key为订阅者,value为事件集合)
        List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedEvents == null) {
            subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
            typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
        }
        //将所有的事件,根据订阅者key加入到事件集合中
        subscribedEvents.add(eventType);

        //事件方法是否支持(粘性事情)
        if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
            //事件方法是否支持(继承事件)
            if (eventInheritance) {
            
                //遍历stickyEvents,找出所有继承于事件的父事件
                Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
                for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                    Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                    if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                        Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                        //给订阅者发送之前缓存的粘性事件
                        checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
                        //给订阅者发送之前缓存的粘性事件
                checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
            }
        }
    }

2、 流程图

image

发送-post

1、 源码实现

 public void post(Object event) {
        //获取当前线程的PostingThreadState
        PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
        //获取事件队列postingState.eventQueue
        List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
        //添加事件
        eventQueue.add(event);
        //是否正在发送
        if (!postingState.isPosting) {
            postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
            postingState.isPosting = true;
            if (postingState.canceled) {
                throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
            }
            //循环获取eventQueue中的事件
            try {
                while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
                    //获取集合数据并移除,然后发送事件
                    postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
                }
            } finally {
                postingState.isPosting = false;
                postingState.isMainThread = false;
            }
        }
    }
    
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
        Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
        boolean subscriptionFound = false;
        //事件是否支持继承
        if (eventInheritance) {
            //找出所有继承事件
            List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
            int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
            //遍历集合
            for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
                Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
                //发送
                subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
            }
        } else {
           //发送
            subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
        }
           //如果没有订阅者会发送一个NoSubscriberEvent事件
        if (!subscriptionFound) {
            if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
                logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
            }
            if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
                    eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
                post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
            }
        }
    }
    
 private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
        synchronized (this) {
            //根据事件获取所有订阅者subscriptions
            subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
        }
        if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
            //遍历所有订阅者
            for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
                postingState.event = event;
                postingState.subscription = subscription;
                boolean aborted = false;
                try {
                    //发送事件
                    postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                    aborted = postingState.canceled;
                } finally {
                    postingState.event = null;
                    postingState.subscription = null;
                    postingState.canceled = false;
                }
                if (aborted) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
        //根据对应的threadMode,使用对应的post进行事件的处理
        switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
            case POSTING:
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                break;
            case MAIN:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case MAIN_ORDERED:
                if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    // temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case BACKGROUND:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case ASYNC:
                asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
        }
    }

 void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
        try {
            //最后通过反射执行事件方法
            subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
        }
    }

2、 流程图

image

取消注册-unregister

1、 源码实现

    public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
    //根据subscriber从typesBySubscriber获取事件集合
        List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedTypes != null) {
            //遍历订阅者的事件
            for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
                unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
            }
            //typesBySubscriber移除subscriber
            typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
        } else {
            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
        }
    }
    
        private void unsubscribeByEventType(Object subscriber, Class<?> eventType) {
        //根据eventType从subscriptionsByEventType获取订阅集合
        List<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
        if (subscriptions != null) {
            int size = subscriptions.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Subscription subscription = subscriptions.get(i);
                if (subscription.subscriber == subscriber) {
                    //遍历集合移除当前的subscriber
                    subscription.active = false;
                    subscriptions.remove(i);
                    i--;
                    size--;
                }
            }
        }
    }

2、 流程图

image

EventBus如何识别类中定义的接收方法?

EventBus之所以如此流行,一个很重要的地方就是使用非常简便。我们只需要在类中定义好方法接收对应的事件、配置好相关的标注就可以。那么怎么获取到订阅者的事件方法集合,就是EventBus设计的一个精髓的地方。通过上面的注册方法,我们知道主要是通过下面的方法来获取,下面我们主要分析一下具体的实现。

List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);

接着看findSubscriberMethods的事件

 List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        //定义了缓存Map,避免每次都执行反射获取,提高性能
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
        if (subscriberMethods != null) {
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
        if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
            //通过反射获取
            subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
        } else {
            //通过索引获取
            subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
        }
        if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                    + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
        } else {
            METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
    }

最后会执行indUsingReflection去获取,具体实现如下:

 private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
         //FindState 用来做订阅方法的校验和保存
        FindState findState = prepareFindState();
        findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
        while (findState.clazz != null) {
            //通过反射来获得订阅方法信息
            findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
            //查找父类的订阅方法
            findState.moveToSuperclass();
        }
        return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
    }

关键的实现在findUsingReflectionInSingleClass方法中,实现如下:

private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
        Method[] methods;
        try {
            // //通过反射得到方法数组
            methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        } catch (Throwable th) {
            // Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
            methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
            findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
        }
        //遍历Method
        for (Method method : methods) {
            int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
            if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
                Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                ////保证必须只有一个事件参数
                if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                    Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                    //得到注解
                    if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                        Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                        //校验是否添加该方法
                        if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                            ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                            //实例化SubscriberMethod对象并添加
                            findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                    subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                        }
                    }
                } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                    String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                    throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
                            "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
                }
            } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                throw new EventBusException(methodName +
                        " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
            }
        }
    }

总结一下,EventBus是通过反射getDeclaredMethods()获取类的方法集合,然后遍历方法集合,将符合事件定义的方法(public、只有一个事件参数、有Subcribe的注解等)加入到集合中。从而达到识别订阅者中定义的事件方法。

EventBus中的线程调度机制是怎么样的?

我们知道,EventBus可以通过定义threadMode来指定事件回调的执行线程。主要的配置如下:

  • ThreadMode: POSTING:默认的,在同一个线程中执行。

  • ThreadMode: MAIN :主线程执行

  • ThreadMode: MAIN_ORDERED: 主线程执行,不过需要排队,如果前一个也是main_ordered 需要等前一个执行完成后才执行,在主线程中执行,可以处理更新ui的操作。

  • ThreadMode: BACKGROUND :后台进程,处理如保存到数据库等操作。

  • ThreadMode: ASYNC :异步执行,另起线程操作。

通过上面的流程分析在post的过程中,最后都是通过postToSubscription执行,在这里面判断了threadMode的类型,具体的实现如下:

private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
        //根据对应的threadMode,使用对应的post进行事件的处理
        switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
            case POSTING:
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                break;
            case MAIN:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case MAIN_ORDERED:
                if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    // temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case BACKGROUND:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case ASYNC:
                asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
        }
    }

1、POSTING模式,直接执行invokeSubscriber。

2、MAIN模式,如果判断当前线程是主线程则执行invokeSubscriber,否则会使用mainThreadPoster执行enqueue方法。mainThreadPoster为HandlerPoster的实例,继承了Handler,是使用了MainLooper进行创建,也就是其的handleMessage在主线程中执行。 我们看具体的实现:

 public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
        //构建PendingPost对象
        PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
        synchronized (this) {
          //加入队列
            queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
            //如果没有激活hander
            if (!handlerActive) {
                handlerActive = true;
                //发送消息
                if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
      @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        boolean rescheduled = false;
        try {
            long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            while (true) {
               //循环获取队列中的所有pendingPost
                PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
                if (pendingPost == null) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        pendingPost = queue.poll();
                        if (pendingPost == null) {
                          //如果已没有数据,更新 handlerActive
                            handlerActive = false;
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
               //在主线程中实现事件的方法
                eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
                long timeInMethod = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - started;
                if (timeInMethod >= maxMillisInsideHandleMessage) {
                    if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                        throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                    }
                    rescheduled = true;
                    return;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            handlerActive = rescheduled;
        }
    }

HandlerPoster会通过主线程的Handler去执行队列中的所有事件方法。

3、MAIN_ORDERED模式 优先主线程队列执行

 if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    // temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }

4、BACKGROUND模式 如果再主线程则执行后台线程执行,否则使用当前线程

if (isMainThread) {
                    backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                

这里我们主要看backgroundPoster的实现,BackgroundPoster继承了Runnable,实现线程池执行run方法,通过executorRunning控制不会每次都启动一个新任务。

public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
        PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
        synchronized (this) {
            //加入队列
            queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
            //变量标识,不要每次都执行
            if (!executorRunning) {
                executorRunning = true;
                //线程池执行
                eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
            }
        }
    }

  @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            try {
                while (true) {
                    //循环间隔1s获取事件
                    PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll(1000);
                    if (pendingPost == null) {
                        synchronized (this) {
                            // Check again, this time in synchronized
                            pendingPost = queue.poll();
                            if (pendingPost == null) {
                                //如果已没有任务,更新变量
                                executorRunning = false;
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    //在异步线程执行了事件方法
                    eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                eventBus.getLogger().log(Level.WARNING, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " was interruppted", e);
            }
        } finally {
            executorRunning = false;
        }
    }

backgroundPoster会开启一个线程去执行当前所有队列中的事件方法。

5、ASYNC 模式 主要使用了AsyncPoster,也继承了run接口。实现如下:

 public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
        PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
        eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
        if(pendingPost == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("No pending post available");
        }
        eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
    }

AsyncPoster每一个事件都会开启一个异步任务,通过线程池去执行。

总结一下 EventBus通过配置threadMode,控制事件在不同的线程中去执行。总归有5种模式,分别为POSTING、MAIN、MAIN_ORDERED、BACKGROUND、ASYNC。主要是通过HandlerPoster、backgroundPoster、AsyncPoster来实现线程的切换。

  • HandlerPoster会通过主线程的Handler开启循环去执行队列中的所有事件方法。
  • backgroundPoster会开启一个线程循环执行当前所有队列中的事件方法。
  • AsyncPoster每一个事件都会开启一个异步任务,通过线程池去执行。

EventBus的事件发送和接收的原理是什么?

EventBus主要是通过观察者模式来实现事件的发送和接收。使用register后,会将订阅者及定义的事件接收方法加入到Map中,当在任意地方执行post时,会对事件类型进行匹配,找出所有的订阅者,根据配置的threadMode,使用不同的poster通过反射去执行事件方法。当使用unregister后,会将订阅者在Map中移除,进行取消注册。

EventBus中代码运用了那些设计模式,有什么巧妙的设计?

1、单例模式

EventBus.getDefault()使用了懒汉的单例模式。

2、外观模式

EventBus对外提供了统一的调度,屏蔽了内部的实现。

3、建造者模式

Event对象的创建使用EventBusBuilder进行创建,将复杂对象的创建和表示分离,调用者不需要知道复杂的创建过程,使用Build的相关方法进行配置创建对象。

4、策略模式

根据threadMode的设置,使用不同Poster的实现策略来执行事件方法

总结

1、框架的设计不在复杂而在精巧

2、使用反射和标注可以简化很多实现

3、EventBus的使用要注意避免大量的滥用,将导致逻辑的分散,出现问题后很难定位

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Android源码系列-解密Retrofit

Android源码系列-解密Glide

Android源码系列-解密EventBus

Android源码系列-解密RxJava

Android源码系列-解密LeakCanary

Android源码系列-解密BlockCanary

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