scoop——强大的Windows命令行包管理工具

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在下载了一系列软件管理专家后,我遇到了scoop这一个神级的软件包管理工具,他会自动设置环境变量,也会管理程序依赖。再添加了仓库之后,基本能满足我的软件安装和管理需求。后期会深入学习它的一个使用方法。

初级玩法:安装scoop用以管理Windows软件

安装前的准备

若Powershell或.NET Franmework版本过旧,更新后重启即可。 若不清楚版本号,可Win+R运行powershell,输入以下命令获取版本号。

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major   #查看Powershell版本
$PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.Major  #查看.NET Framework版本

安装scoop

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUser
iex (new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://get.scoop.sh')

如果下载scoop的过程中断,那么必须先删除(C:\Users\scoop)文件夹,再执行以上命令安装。 下载完成后,输入scoop出现如下帮助即安装成功。

帮助文档

Usage: scoop <command> [<args>]

Some useful commands are:

alias       Manage scoop aliases
bucket      Manage Scoop buckets
cache       Show or clear the download cache
checkup     Check for potential problems
cleanup     Cleanup apps by removing old versions
config      Get or set configuration values
create      Create a custom app manifest
depends     List dependencies for an app
export      Exports (an importable) list of installed apps
help        Show help for a command
home        Opens the app homepage
info        Display information about an app
install     Install apps
list        List installed apps
prefix      Returns the path to the specified app
reset       Reset an app to resolve conflicts
search      Search available apps
status      Show status and check for new app versions
uninstall   Uninstall an app
update      Update apps, or Scoop itself
virustotal  Look for app's hash on virustotal.com
which       Locate a shim/executable (similar to 'which' on Linux)

Type 'scoop help <command>' to get help for a specific command.

基本操作

查找软件

在安装软件之前,推荐先查询一下。比如我们查询一下git:

scoop search git

在main仓库中找到如下软件:

'main' bucket:
    git-annex (7.20190129)
    git-crypt (0.6.0-701fb8e)
    git-istage (0.2.61)
    git-lfs (2.6.1)
    git-sizer (1.3.0)
    git-town (7.2.0)
    git-up (1.6.1)
    git-with-openssh (2.20.1.windows.1)
    git (2.20.1.windows.1)
    git19 (1.9.5-preview20150319)
    gitignore (0.2018.08.04)
    gitkube (0.3.0)
    gitlab-runner (11.7.0)
    gitversion (4.0.0)
    mingit-busybox (2.20.1.windows.1)
    mingit (2.20.1.windows.1)
    psgithub (2017.01.22)
    psutils (0.2018.08.04) --> includes 'gitignore.ps1'

安装软件

找到git的包名后,我们安装它:

scoop install git

安装成功:

Installing 'git' (2.20.1.windows.1) [64bit]
Loading PortableGit-2.20.1-64-bit.7z.exe from cache
Checking hash of PortableGit-2.20.1-64-bit.7z.exe ... ok.
Extracting dl.7z ... done.
Linking ~\scoop\apps\git\current => ~\scoop\apps\git\2.20.1.windows.1
Creating shim for 'git'.
Creating shim for 'gitk'.
Creating shim for 'git-gui'.
Creating shim for 'tig'.
Creating shim for 'git-bash'.
Creating shortcut for Git Bash (git-bash.exe)
Running post-install script...
'git' (2.20.1.windows.1) was installed successfully!

安装完成的软件会放在C:\Users\scoop\apps。

利用aria2加速下载

在使用scoop安装aria2后,scoop会自动调用aria2进行多线程下载以加速下载

scoop install aria2

卸载软件

# scoop uninstall 7zip

添加仓库

scoop自带的main bucket软件过少,我们需要添加官方维护的extras bucket:

scoop bucket add extras

之后就可以安装我们所需的软件了,附我的安装软件清单:

scoop install calibre gimp inkscape latex vscode-portable zotero

第三方bucket

若在scoop search中找不到需要的软件,可以上github上的第三方bucket查找一下。 比如安装cajviewer,添加bucket:

scoop bucket add scoopbucket https://github.com/yuanying1199/scoopbucket

安装cajviewer:

scoop install scoopbucket/cajviewerlite

其他命令 请参照scoop help,或访问官网githubWiki