OkHttp 源码解析(二)拦截器原理分析

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一、前言

在上一篇 OkHttp 请求流程分析中,分别介绍了同步和异步请求的具体流程,也了解到具体的的网路请求时通过 OkHttp 中的 RealCall 的拦截器链实现的,还没了解的朋友建议去看下上篇文章。

OkHttp 的拦截器总共分为以下几种:

绿色的部分是我们用户可以自己去定义添加的,不设置就没有,蓝色的部分是 OkHttp 内部实现的,不设置也有,并且不可更改。

下面依次进行讲解分析:

二、用户自定义拦截器之-应用拦截器

应用拦截器的使用:

  1. 创建应用拦截器

  1. 设置拦截器

这样就添加了一个很普通的应用拦截器。

官方对应用拦截器的描述

  1. Don’t need to worry about intermediate responses like redirects and retries.
  2. Are always invoked once, even if the HTTP response is served from the cache.
  3. Observe the application’s original intent. Unconcerned with OkHttp-injected headers like If-None-Match.
  4. Permitted to short-circuit and not call Chain.proceed().
  5. Permitted to retry and make multiple calls to Chain.proceed().

中文:

  1. 不需要关心是否重定向或失败重连
  2. 即使有缓存,也只会调用一次
  3. 只考虑应用的初始意图,不去考虑Okhhtp注入的Header比如:if-None-Match,意思就是不管其他外在因素只考虑最终的返回结果
  4. 允许切断其他拦截器,不调用 Chain.proceed()
  5. 可以执行多次调用其他拦截器,通过Chain.proceed()

三、RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 拦截器

RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 拦截器是应用拦截器之后的第一个拦截器,主要是负责失败重连和重定向的。

但是并不是所有的网络请求可以进行重连的,在RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 拦截器的内部会通过一定的逻辑进行判断。具体来看下源码是怎么实现的:

根据上一篇文章中讲述的,主要逻辑存在 intercept 方法中:

@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
  // 获取原始请求
  Request request = chain.request();
	// 创建 StreamAllocation对象,这里只是创建,具体处理交给后面的拦截器处理
  // 主要用户获取连接服务端的 Connect连接 和 用于服务端用于数据传输的输入输出流
  // 主要给 ConnectIntercept 使用的
  streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(
      client.connectionPool(), createAddress(request.url()), callStackTrace);
  
  int followUpCount = 0;
  Response priorResponse = null;
  // 开启死循环
  while (true) {
    // 如果取消,就释放资源
    if (canceled) {
      streamAllocation.release();
      throw new IOException("Canceled");
    }

    Response response = null;
    boolean releaseConnection = true;
    try {
      // 传入创建的StreamAllocation对象,交给下个拦截器处理,至于下个拦截器处理不处理,不用管
      // 在 catch 和 finally 中做了一些异常处理和资源释放
      response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);
      releaseConnection = false;
    } catch (RouteException e) {
       // 如果进入 RouteException 路由异常,则尝试是否可以重新进行请求,若可以则从头开始新的请求
      // The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
      if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), false, request)) {
        throw e.getLastConnectException();
      }
      releaseConnection = false;
      continue;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // 若是进入 IOException IO异常,若可以重新尝试请求,则从头开始新的请求
      // An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
      boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);
      if (!recover(e, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;
      releaseConnection = false;
      continue;
    } finally {
      // 释放资源。
      // We're throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
      if (releaseConnection) {
        streamAllocation.streamFailed(null);
        streamAllocation.release();
      }
    }

    //如果之前发生过重定向,并且 priorResponse 不为空,则创建新的 响应对象,并将其 body 置位空
    if (priorResponse != null) {
      response = response.newBuilder()
          .priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder()
                  .body(null)
                  .build())
          .build();
    }

    // 等到一个接收 Response 的HTTP新请求。
    // 这将添加身份验证、遵循重定向、处理客户端请求超时。如果后续操作不必要或不适用,则返回null。
    Request followUp = followUpRequest(response);

    //  若 followUp 重试请求为空,返回当前的响应
    if (followUp == null) {
      if (!forWebSocket) {
        streamAllocation.release();
      }
      return response;
    }
    //关闭响应结果
    closeQuietly(response.body());

    // 如果重试次数超过最大值MAX_FOLLOW_UPS,释放资源,抛出异常
    if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) {
      streamAllocation.release();
      throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount);
    }

    // 如果新请求的 body 属于不可重复请求的 body,释放资源
    if (followUp.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) {
      streamAllocation.release();
      throw new HttpRetryException("Cannot retry streamed HTTP body", response.code());
    }
		// 判断是否是相同的连接,若不相同,释放 streamAllocation,创建新的 streamAllocation 对象
    if (!sameConnection(response, followUp.url())) {
      streamAllocation.release();
      streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(
          client.connectionPool(), createAddress(followUp.url()), callStackTrace);
    } else if (streamAllocation.codec() != null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Closing the body of " + response
          + " didn't close its backing stream. Bad interceptor?");
    }

    request = followUp;
    priorResponse = response;
  }
}

总结主要作用下:

  1. 创建 StreamAllocation对象
  2. 调用 RealInterceptorChain.proceed() 方法进行下一阶段的网络请求
  3. 根据异常结果或者响应结果判断是否要进行重新请求
  4. 调用下一个拦截器,返回 Response 给上一个拦截器

四、BridgeInterceptor拦截器

BridgeInterceptor 主要作用就是添加头部、设置压缩等。

还是主要看下 Intercept 中的代码:

@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
  Request userRequest = chain.request();
  Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder();
	// 拿到请求体
  RequestBody body = userRequest.body();
  if (body != null) {
    // 设置编码方式
    MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
    if (contentType != null) {
      requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString());
    }
		// 设置传输长度
    long contentLength = body.contentLength();
    if (contentLength != -1) {
      requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength));
      requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
    } else {
      requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
      requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
    }
  }
	// 设置主机地址
  if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) {
    requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false));
  }
	// 设置连接方式,这里看到默认是开启持久连接的 使用 Keep-Alive
  if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) {
    requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
  }

  // If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
  // the transfer stream.
  // 默认不使用gzip 传输, 如果我们添加 gzip 压缩头字段,会对传输的数据进行编码解码处理
  boolean transparentGzip = false;
  if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
    transparentGzip = true;
    requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
  }
	// 设置 cookies
  List<Cookie> cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url());
  if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
    requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
  }
	// 设置 ua
  if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {
    requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent());
  }
	// 调用下个拦截器,等待下个拦截器返回结果
  Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build());
	// 执行到这里,下面都是对返回值进行处理
  // 将网络请求返回的 Response 转换成用户可以使用的 Response
  HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers());

  Response.Builder responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()
      .request(userRequest);
	// 如果请求的时候支持 gzip,并且服务器返回的 response 响应头也支持 gzip,,并且响应体有值,就要负责解压工作
  if (transparentGzip
      && "gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"))
      && HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) {
    GzipSource responseBody = new GzipSource(networkResponse.body().source());
    Headers strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder()
        .removeAll("Content-Encoding")
        .removeAll("Content-Length")
        .build();
    responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders);
    responseBuilder.body(new RealResponseBody(strippedHeaders, Okio.buffer(responseBody)));
  }

  return responseBuilder.build();
}

总结主要作用:

  1. 将用户构建好的一个 Request 通过添加一些请求头的操作,转换成能够进行网络访问的请求
  2. 调用 RealInterceptorChain.proceed() 方法进行下一阶段的网络请求
  3. 将服务器返回的 Response 转换成用户可以使用的 Response(添加响应头、解压 gzip 等)
  4. 调用下一个拦截器,返回 Response 给上一个拦截器

五、CacheInterceptor拦截器

缓存拦截器主要是对网络请求的缓存进行处理。使用很简单,主要通过 Cache 类实现的,在创建 OkHttpClient 的时候设置 cache 就行。

// 创建 Cache 类 "app/cache"是缓存的路径   20*1024*1024 是缓存大小
Cache cache = new Cache(new File("app/cache"), 20 * 1024 * 1024);
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .readTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .writeTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .addInterceptor(new ApplicationIntercept())
  			//设置缓存
        .cache(cache)
        .build();

这样就能够借助于 OkHttp 帮助我们实现缓存。

具体看下 CacheInterceptor 的 Intercept 方法:

public final class CacheInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  // 实现缓存功能的 InternalCache 类,下面讲解
  final InternalCache cache;

  public CacheInterceptor(InternalCache cache) {
    this.cache = cache;
  }

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    // 如果 cache 为空,则用户没设置缓存,直接返回 null
    // 不为空,设置了缓存,通过 cache 对象的 get 方法去获取缓存,称之为候选缓存
    Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
        ? cache.get(chain.request())
        : null;

    long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		// 创建缓存策略,并且分别得到 请求 networkRequest,和响应 cacheResponse
    // 里面维护了一个 Request 和 Response ,关于这个策略,下面分析
    // public final Request networkRequest; 如果不需要网络访问,为 null,不为 null,需要网络请求
    // public final Response cacheResponse; 不使用缓存,为 null,不为 null,表示可以使用本地缓存
    CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
    Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;
    Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;

    if (cache != null) {
      cache.trackResponse(strategy);
    }
		// 如果候选缓存不为空,并且通过缓存策略拿到的值为空,说明候选缓存不可用,关闭
    if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
      closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn't applicable. Close it.
    }

    // If we're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient, fail.
    // 如果网络不可用,并且没有缓存,通过构建者模式构建一个 504 的  Response。并返回
    if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
      return new Response.Builder()
          .request(chain.request())
          .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
          .code(504)
          .message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
          .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
          .sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
          .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
          .build();
    }

    // If we don't need the network, we're done.
    // 如果不需要网络,并且有缓存,则返回存储的缓存
    if (networkRequest == null) {
      return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
          .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
          .build();
    }

    // 这里是需要网络重新请求的
    Response networkResponse = null;
    try {
      // 调用下一个拦截器去获取 Response
      networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);
    } finally {
      // If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.
      if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
        closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
      }
    }

    // If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
    // 此时通过网络请求拿到了 Response ,并且本地有缓存的 response,
    if (cacheResponse != null) {
      // 如果响应码为 未修改,直接使用缓存的 Response作为最终的返回 Response 
      if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
        Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
            .headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
            .sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
            .receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
            .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
            .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
            .build();
        networkResponse.body().close();

        // Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
        // Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
        cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
        cache.update(cacheResponse, response);
        return response;
      } else {
        closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
      }
    }

    // 上面都没返回,根据网络请求响应生成最终的响应
    Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
        .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
        .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
        .build();

		// 如果返回的 Response 有请求体
    if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response)) {
      // 通过调用 maybeCache() 方法,进而调用 cache 的 put 写入用户缓存 
      CacheRequest cacheRequest = maybeCache(response, networkResponse.request(), cache);
      // 写入缓存
      response = cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);
    }

    return response;
  }
}
  

缓存策略CacheStrategy:

前面在 Intercept 方法中调用了

CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;
Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;

// 看下静态内部类的 Factory 构造方法,主要是读取传入的 缓存 Response 的 headers 信息

    public Factory(long nowMillis, Request request, Response cacheResponse) {
      this.nowMillis = nowMillis;
      this.request = request;
      this.cacheResponse = cacheResponse;

      if (cacheResponse != null) {
        this.sentRequestMillis = cacheResponse.sentRequestAtMillis();
        this.receivedResponseMillis = cacheResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis();
				//拿到所有响应头,开始遍历
        Headers headers = cacheResponse.headers();
        for (int i = 0, size = headers.size(); i < size; i++) {
          // 响应头 key
          String fieldName = headers.name(i);
          // 响应头 value
          String value = headers.value(i);
          // 有 Date 头,服务器返回时间信息
          if ("Date".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            servedDate = HttpDate.parse(value);
            servedDateString = value;
           // 有 Expires 头,获取有效期信息 
          } else if ("Expires".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            expires = HttpDate.parse(value);
           // 有 Last-Modified 头,获取最后修改时间,
          } else if ("Last-Modified".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            lastModified = HttpDate.parse(value);
            lastModifiedString = value;
           //  有 ETag 头,获取资源的版本
          } else if ("ETag".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            etag = value;
           //  有 Age 头,获取到现在的经历了多少时间
          } else if ("Age".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
            ageSeconds = HttpHeaders.parseSeconds(value, -1);
          }
        }
      }
    }

// 然后调用 get 方法

/**
 * Returns a strategy to satisfy {@code request} using the a cached response {@code response}.
 */
public CacheStrategy get() {
  // 返回一个假设可以使用网络请求的缓存策略,也就是 networkRequest 不为 null
  CacheStrategy candidate = getCandidate();
  // 如果networkRequest 不为 null,表示需要使用网络,并且 Request 的 CacheControl 字段设置为只使用缓存
  // 就需要设置 都为 null,然后再 CacheInterceptor 中构建错误的返回。
  if (candidate.networkRequest != null && request.cacheControl().onlyIfCached()) {
    // We're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient.
    // 返回不请求网络,不使用缓存
    return new CacheStrategy(null, null);
  }
  return candidate;
}

前面讲到的将响应 Response 添加到本地,主要是通过 CacheInterceptor 内部的 InternalCache 实现的,

public interface InternalCache {
  Response get(Request request) throws IOException;
  CacheRequest put(Response response) throws IOException;
  /**
   * Remove any cache entries for the supplied {@code request}. This is invoked when the client
   * invalidates the cache, such as when making POST requests.
   */
  void remove(Request request) throws IOException;
  /**
   * Handles a conditional request hit by updating the stored cache response with the headers from
   * {@code network}. The cached response body is not updated. If the stored response has changed
   * since {@code cached} was returned, this does nothing.
   */
  void update(Response cached, Response network);
  /** Track an conditional GET that was satisfied by this cache. */
  void trackConditionalCacheHit();
  /** Track an HTTP response being satisfied with {@code cacheStrategy}. */
  void trackResponse(CacheStrategy cacheStrategy);
}

而 InternalCache 是个接口,内部都是调用的 Cache 这个类中的方法,先看下 Cache 类:

public final class Cache implements Closeable, Flushable {
  private static final int VERSION = 201105;
  private static final int ENTRY_METADATA = 0;
  private static final int ENTRY_BODY = 1;
  private static final int ENTRY_COUNT = 2;

  // 这个 InternalCache 是个接口,里面定义了常用的增删改查等操作
  // 所有的 实现都是通过 外部的 Cache 类的对应方法实现的
  final InternalCache internalCache = new InternalCache() {
    @Override public Response get(Request request) throws IOException {
      return Cache.this.get(request);
    }

    @Override public CacheRequest put(Response response) throws IOException {
      return Cache.this.put(response);
    }

    @Override public void remove(Request request) throws IOException {
      Cache.this.remove(request);
    }

    @Override public void update(Response cached, Response network) {
      Cache.this.update(cached, network);
    }

    @Override public void trackConditionalCacheHit() {
      Cache.this.trackConditionalCacheHit();
    }

    @Override public void trackResponse(CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) {
      Cache.this.trackResponse(cacheStrategy);
    }
  };

  // 硬盘缓存实现
  final DiskLruCache cache;

  /* read and write statistics, all guarded by 'this' */
  int writeSuccessCount;
  int writeAbortCount;
  private int networkCount;
  // 命中次数
  private int hitCount;
  // 请求次数
  private int requestCount;

  public Cache(File directory, long maxSize) {
    this(directory, maxSize, FileSystem.SYSTEM);
  }

  Cache(File directory, long maxSize, FileSystem fileSystem) {
    this.cache = DiskLruCache.create(fileSystem, directory, VERSION, ENTRY_COUNT, maxSize);
  }

前面在讲 LruCache 的时候,既然是缓存就必然伴随着 插入缓存、更新缓存、删除缓存、查询缓存。

先来看下 插入缓存的 put 方法:

CacheRequest put(Response response) {
  // 获取请求方法
  String requestMethod = response.request().method();
  // 判断如果是 POST、PATCH、PUT、DELETE、MOVE几种请求方法,则不支持缓存,移除缓存,返回 null
  if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(response.request().method())) {
    try {
      remove(response.request());
    } catch (IOException ignored) {
      // The cache cannot be written.
    }
    return null;
  }
  // 如果不是 get 请求,返回 null。比如 post 没必要缓存
  if (!requestMethod.equals("GET")) {
    // Don't cache non-GET responses. We're technically allowed to cache
    // HEAD requests and some POST requests, but the complexity of doing
    // so is high and the benefit is low.
    return null;
  }
  
  if (HttpHeaders.hasVaryAll(response)) {
    return null;
  }
  // 生成 Entry 实体,Entry 封装了所有的返回值信息
  Entry entry = new Entry(response);
  // 缓存的实际操作,使用DiskLruCache实现硬盘缓存
  DiskLruCache.Editor editor = null;
  try {
    // 创建写入的 editor。
    // key 值就是 key() 方法生成的,md5 加密,然后换算成 16 进制。
    //  ByteString.encodeUtf8(url.toString()).md5().hex();
    editor = cache.edit(key(response.request().url()));
    if (editor == null) {
      return null;
    }
    // 将缓存写入磁盘,在 writeTo 方法中,将头部等信息进行缓存,如果是 https 请求,将会做特殊的处理
    entry.writeTo(editor);
    // 传入 editor 创建一个 CacheRequestImpl
    return new CacheRequestImpl(editor);
  } catch (IOException e) {
    abortQuietly(editor);
    return null;
  }
}

删除缓存的 remove 方法:

void remove(Request request) throws IOException {
  // 这里调用 DiskLruCache 中的 remove 方法移除缓存
  cache.remove(key(request.url()));
}

更新缓存的 update 方法:

void update(Response cached, Response network) {
  Entry entry = new Entry(network);
  DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot = ((CacheResponseBody) cached.body()).snapshot;
  DiskLruCache.Editor editor = null;
  try {
    editor = snapshot.edit(); // Returns null if snapshot is not current.
    if (editor != null) {
      entry.writeTo(editor);
      editor.commit();
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
    abortQuietly(editor);
  }
}

这里是先生成一个实体,然后找到保存的快照,然后用执行写入

查找缓存的 get 方法:

Response get(Request request) {
  //先获得经过 md5 加密后的 url
  String key = key(request.url());
  // DiskLruCache 的快照
  DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot;
  // 保存缓存的实体
  Entry entry;
  try {
    // 从 DiskLruCache 中的 get 方法,查找到 快照。
    snapshot = cache.get(key);
    //为空,则没缓存
    if (snapshot == null) {
      return null;
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
    // Give up because the cache cannot be read.
    return null;
  }
  try {
    // 创建Entry
    entry = new Entry(snapshot.getSource(ENTRY_METADATA));
  } catch (IOException e) {
    Util.closeQuietly(snapshot);
    return null;
  }
  // 从 Entry 照片中获得 Response
  Response response = entry.response(snapshot);
  if (!entry.matches(request, response)) {
    Util.closeQuietly(response.body());
    return null;
  }
  return response;
}

六、ConnectInterceptor拦截器

作用主要是打开与服务器之间的链接,正式开始网络请求。

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    
    RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
    Request request = realChain.request();
    // 拿到 RealInterceptorChain 中创建的 StreamAllocation 对象。
    StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation();
    // We need the network to satisfy this request. Possibly for validating a conditional GET.
    boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks = !request.method().equals("GET");
    // 通过 newStream 创建一个 HttpCodec 对象,主要用来编码 Request 和解码 Response 的
    HttpCodec httpCodec = streamAllocation.newStream(client, doExtensiveHealthChecks);
    // 获得 RealConnection 的对象 connection。 用来进行实际的 io 传输
    RealConnection connection = streamAllocation.connection();
    // 调用下个拦截器
    return realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
  }


//来看下 newStream 方法

public HttpCodec newStream(OkHttpClient client, boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks) {
  // 设置超时
  int connectTimeout = client.connectTimeoutMillis();
  int readTimeout = client.readTimeoutMillis();
  int writeTimeout = client.writeTimeoutMillis();
  // 是否重试
  boolean connectionRetryEnabled = client.retryOnConnectionFailure();
  try {
    //	构建 RealConnection 对象
    RealConnection resultConnection = findHealthyConnection(connectTimeout, readTimeout,
        writeTimeout, connectionRetryEnabled, doExtensiveHealthChecks);
    // 构建一个 HttpCodec 对象
    HttpCodec resultCodec = resultConnection.newCodec(client, this);
    synchronized (connectionPool) {
      codec = resultCodec;
      return resultCodec;
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RouteException(e);
  }
}

// 看下 findHealthyConnection

private RealConnection findHealthyConnection(int connectTimeout, int readTimeout,
    int writeTimeout, boolean connectionRetryEnabled, boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks)
    throws IOException {
  while (true) {
    RealConnection candidate = findConnection(connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout,
        connectionRetryEnabled);
    // If this is a brand new connection, we can skip the extensive health checks.
    synchronized (connectionPool) {
      if (candidate.successCount == 0) {
        return candidate;
      }
    }
    // Do a (potentially slow) check to confirm that the pooled connection is still good. If it
    // isn't, take it out of the pool and start again.
    if (!candidate.isHealthy(doExtensiveHealthChecks)) {
      noNewStreams();
      continue;
    }
    return candidate;
  }
  

在 findHealthyConnection 方法 内部调用了 findConnection 方法,在findConnection 方法内部主要是去找有没有可以服用的链接

  • 如果有就会复用连接,返回连接
  • 如果没有就创建一个新的连接,然后放入到连接池中,返回连接

七、用户自定义网络拦截器拦截器

这个拦截器和应用拦截器都是用户自己设置的拦截器。使用方法可应用拦截器差不多,这里就不在讲了,看下官方对其描述:

  • Able to operate on intermediate responses like redirects and retries.

  • Not invoked for cached responses that short-circuit the network.

  • Observe the data just as it will be transmitted over the network.

  • Access to the Connection that carries the request.

  • 能够对重定向和重试的时候进行操作(很好理解,重定向什么的在第二层,应用拦截器不会调用,但是网络拦截器可以调用)。

  • 如果读取缓存中的数据,就不会执行网络拦截器

  • 可以检测到所有需要网络传输的数据

  • 可以访问完整的Request 请求

由于是在重定向拦截器之后的,所以在发生重定向的时候,网络拦截器可能会执行多次,可以较为完整的检测网络请求的状况。

而应用拦截器在请求重试拦截器之前,所以检测不到重定向的请求,只能检测到最初的请求和最终的返回。

八、CallServerInterceptor拦截器

CallServerInterceptor拦截器 是拦截器链中的最后一个拦截器,主要负责向服务器发送真正的网络请求和接收服务器返回的响应。

@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
  // 获取在 ConnectInterceptor 拦截器中创建的  httpCodec 对象
  HttpCodec httpCodec = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).httpStream();
  // 获取 streamAllocation
  StreamAllocation streamAllocation = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).streamAllocation();
  Request request = chain.request();

  long sentRequestMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  // 向 Socket 中写入请求的头部信息
  httpCodec.writeRequestHeaders(request);

  Response.Builder responseBuilder = null;
  // 判断该请求的请求方法是否允许被发送请求体,请求体是否为空
  if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method()) && request.body() != null) {
    // If there's a "Expect: 100-continue" header on the request, wait for a "HTTP/1.1 100
    // Continue" response before transmitting the request body. If we don't get that, return what
    // we did get (such as a 4xx response) without ever transmitting the request body.
    if ("100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(request.header("Expect"))) {
      httpCodec.flushRequest();
      responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(true);
    }

    // Write the request body, unless an "Expect: 100-continue" expectation failed.
    if (responseBuilder == null) {
      Sink requestBodyOut = httpCodec.createRequestBody(request, request.body().contentLength());
      BufferedSink bufferedRequestBody = Okio.buffer(requestBodyOut);
      // 向 Socket 中写入请求的 body 信息
      request.body().writeTo(bufferedRequestBody);
      bufferedRequestBody.close();
    }
  }

  // 完成网络请求的写入工作
  httpCodec.finishRequest();

  // 下面是读取操作
  if (responseBuilder == null) {
    // 读取响应的头部信息
    responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(false);
  }

  // 构建返回的 Response
  Response response = responseBuilder
      .request(request)
      .handshake(streamAllocation.connection().handshake())
      .sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)
      .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
      .build();

  int code = response.code();
  // 判断是否返回一个空的响应
  if (forWebSocket && code == 101) {
    // Connection is upgrading, but we need to ensure interceptors see a non-null response body.
    response = response.newBuilder()
        .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
        .build();
  } else {
    // 读取响应中的响应体信息
    response = response.newBuilder()
        .body(httpCodec.openResponseBody(response))
        .build();
  }
  // 判断是否关闭长连接
  if ("close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.request().header("Connection"))
      || "close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.header("Connection"))) {
    streamAllocation.noNewStreams();
  }
  // 如果响应的状态码为 204 和 205 并且响应体不为空,则抛出异常
  if ((code == 204 || code == 205) && response.body().contentLength() > 0) {
    throw new ProtocolException(
        "HTTP " + code + " had non-zero Content-Length: " + response.body().contentLength());
  }

  return response;
}

HttpCodec 是一个接口,主要用来编码 Request 和解码 Response 的,主要有两个实现类:

/**A socket connection that can be used to send HTTP/1.1 messages. */
public final class Http1Codec implements HttpCodec {}
/** Encode requests and responses using HTTP/2 frames. */
public final class Http2Codec implements HttpCodec {}

都是现在主流的 Http 协议规范。

CallServerInterceptor拦截器主要就是完成最终的网络请求工作,遵循 HTTP 协议规范,通过 HttpCodec 对象写入请求头、请求主体,并且读取响应头和响应主体,写入 Response 中,依次返回给上级拦截器,最终传递到调用的地方,就完成了依次网络请求。

九、最后

到这里 OkHttp 源码就分析完了,可能有些地方理解的还不是很透彻,继续加油吧。

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