flutter demo (三):json处理

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使用过Gson等json库的开发者应该知道,这种json解析库使用起来相当方便,你只需创建好实体类,用一两行代码就能实现把java对象转化成json字符串,以及把json字符串转化成java对象。

在flutter里也有类似的库吗? 官方的回答是:并没有。链接:https://flutter.io/json/#is-there-a-gsonjacksonmoshi-equivalent-in-flutter

解决办法:

方法一

手写。 参考: https://flutter.io/cookbook/networking/fetch-data/

class Post {
  final int userId;
  final int id;
  final String title;
  final String body;

  Post({this.userId, this.id, this.title, this.body});

  factory Post.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
    return Post(
      userId: json['userId'],
      id: json['id'],
      title: json['title'],
      body: json['body'],
    );
  }
}

使用方法:

Future<Post> fetchPost() async {
  final response =
      await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1');

  if (response.statusCode == 200) {
    // If server returns an OK response, parse the JSON
    return Post.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
  } else {
    // If that response was not OK, throw an error.
    throw Exception('Failed to load post');
  }
}

json.decode方法源自dart:convert,它可以将json字符串转化成Map<String, dynamic>的类型。

缺点:如果接口里的属性比较多,写起来相当繁琐,而且容易出错。

方法二

使用https://github.com/debuggerx01/JSONFormat4Flutter 这样的第三方json2bean的代码生成工具。

缺点:生成的类里的部分方法可能不符合你的需求,需要手动做一些调整。

方法三:

使用json_annotation + json_serializable。

首先给项目添加依赖:

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  cupertino_icons: ^0.1.2
  fluttertoast: ^2.0.3
  json_annotation: ^0.2.3

dev_dependencies:
  flutter_test:
    sdk: flutter

  build_runner: ^0.8.0
  json_serializable: ^0.5.0

我个人的经验是:添加依赖后,不要手动的去点界面上的“packages get”,容易卡住,控制台只显示一句“Running "flutter packages get" in xxxx”,过了很久都没有任何反应。

建议到Terminal窗口手动输入“flutter packages get”去运行。这样的好处是可以随时用Ctrl+C取消命令。 如果下载不下来依赖库,试试给Android Studio添加一下http代理。同时检查一下代理是否能连得上官网“https://pub.dartlang.org”。

微信截图_20180714164513.png

创建实体类

假设json结构如下:

{
  "name":"book1",
  "author":{"name":"Jack"},
  "publishDate":"2018-10-10",
  "publisher":"xxx company"
}

创建实体类: Book.dart:

import 'package:flutter_app2/json/Author.dart';
import 'package:json_annotation/json_annotation.dart';

part 'Book.g.dart';

@JsonSerializable()
class Book extends Object with _$BookSerializerMixin {
  String name;
  Author author;
  String publishDate;
  String publisher;


  Book(this.name, this.author, this.publishDate, this.publisher);

  @override
  String toString() {
    return 'Book{name: $name, author: $author, publishDate: $publishDate, publisher: $publisher}';
  }
  factory Book.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$BookFromJson(json);
}

Author.dart

import 'package:json_annotation/json_annotation.dart';
part 'Author.g.dart';
@JsonSerializable()
class Author extends Object with _$AuthorSerializerMixin {
  String name;

  Author(this.name);

  @override
  String toString() {
    return 'Author{name: $name}';
  }
  factory Author.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$AuthorFromJson(json);

}

自动生成json解析代码

在Terminal窗口运行

flutter packages pub run build_runner build

就能看到自动生成了Author.g.dart和Book.g.dart两个文件。

// GENERATED CODE - DO NOT MODIFY BY HAND

part of 'Author.dart';

// **************************************************************************
// JsonSerializableGenerator
// **************************************************************************

Author _$AuthorFromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) =>
    new Author(json['name'] as String);

abstract class _$AuthorSerializerMixin {
  String get name;
  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => <String, dynamic>{'name': name};
}

// GENERATED CODE - DO NOT MODIFY BY HAND

part of 'Book.dart';

// **************************************************************************
// JsonSerializableGenerator
// **************************************************************************

Book _$BookFromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => new Book(
    json['name'] as String,
    json['author'] == null
        ? null
        : new Author.fromJson(json['author'] as Map<String, dynamic>),
    json['publishDate'] as String,
    json['publisher'] as String);

abstract class _$BookSerializerMixin {
  String get name;
  Author get author;
  String get publishDate;
  String get publisher;
  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => <String, dynamic>{
        'name': name,
        'author': author,
        'publishDate': publishDate,
        'publisher': publisher
      };
}

使用

      var book = new Book("book1", new Author("Jack"), "2018-10-10", "xxx company");
      print("book="+book.toString());
      String jsonStr= json.encode(book);
      print("json="+jsonStr);
      var bookAfter= Book.fromJson(json.decode(jsonStr));
      print("from json="+bookAfter.toString());

注意要使用json.encode和json.decode,需要引入:

import 'dart:convert';

打印结果:

 book=Book{name: book1, author: Author{name: Jack}, publishDate: 2018-10-10, publisher: xxx company}
 json={"name":"book1","author":{"name":"Jack"},"publishDate":"2018-10-10","publisher":"xxx company"}
 from json=Book{name: book1, author: Author{name: Jack}, publishDate: 2018-10-10, publisher: xxx company}

总结

这种方式是官方目前推荐的方案。

另外,执行

flutter packages pub run build_runner watch

可以实现文件监听,自动地为你后续创建的实体类生成对应的解析代码。

我尝试了一下这个命令,以下是操作步骤:

新建一个Animal.dart
添加 import 'package:json_annotation/json_annotation.dart';
添加 part 'Animal.g.dart';
添加继承关系 extends Object with _$AnimalSerializerMixin
添加各种属性

添加一行代码:     
    factory Animal.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$AnimalFromJson(json);

发现Terminal控制台提示"Unsupported operation: The class `Animal` has no default constructor."

手动创建一个构造函数

发现 Animal.g.dart 已经自动生成成功。

效果还算不错。