游戏中角色控制有很多状态,如果靠传统的全局属性然后通过swich和if来判断的话,扩展性差,重复代码多.
通过编写一个状态管理库来解决状态变化的优点有
- 代码整洁
- 可复用
- 易管理
什么是有限状态机?
有限状态机,(英语:Finite-state machine, FSM),又称有限状态自动机,简称状态机,是表示有限个状态以及在这些状态之间的转移和动作等行为的数学模型。[1]

另外,一个基本的状态有:进入状态、退出状态、接收输入、转移状态等动作。但是仅仅作为跑酷的角色的状态管理来说,只需要转移状态就足够了。有兴趣的同学可以自行扩展。
上代码
代码注释很多,所以直接看代码配合注释理解的更快
/*
*
* Title:
* 状态机/状态管理库
*
* Description:
* 多种状态切换,比传统的 全局参数+if/switch来切换状态 更整洁和易扩展
* 1.简易状态控制:通过添加状态名称,回调方法. 调用改变状态方法来回调函数和参数.
* 2.状态机控制,通过添加几种转换的模式,再通过转换行为来找到转换后的状态并执行方法.
* Date:
* 2018年1月18日 12:48:13
*
* Modify Recoder:
* 1.0
*
*/
namespace XYFramework
{
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class XYState
{
#region 参数
/// <summary>
/// 回调函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="param"></param>
public delegate void XYCallbackFunc(params object[] param);
/// <summary>
/// 状态名称
/// </summary>
public string State { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 存储状态回调参数的字典
/// </summary>
private readonly Dictionary<string, XYSimpleStateModel> _simpleStateDict = new Dictionary<string, XYSimpleStateModel>();
/// <summary>
/// 存储状态机转换StateModel用字典
/// </summary>
private readonly Dictionary<string, XYTranslationStateModel> _translateStateDict = new Dictionary<string, XYTranslationStateModel>();
#endregion
#region Model
/// <summary>
/// 记录状态名称,和转换XYTranslation对象
/// </summary>
class XYTranslationStateModel
{
private string _name;
public XYTranslationStateModel(string name)
{
_name = name;
}
/// <summary>
/// 记录状态名和转换状态对象的字典
/// </summary>
public readonly Dictionary<string, XYTranslateModel> TranslationDict = new Dictionary<string, XYTranslateModel>();
}
/// <summary>
/// 简易回调数据模型
/// </summary>
public class XYSimpleStateModel
{
public string State;
public XYCallbackFunc CallbackFunc;
public XYSimpleStateModel(string state, XYCallbackFunc callBackFunc)
{
State = state;
CallbackFunc = callBackFunc;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 状态转换数据模型
/// </summary>
public class XYTranslateModel
{
public string FromState;
public string Name;
public string ToState;
public XYCallbackFunc OnTranslationCallback;// 回调函数
public XYTranslateModel(string fromState,string name,string toState,XYCallbackFunc onTranslationCallback)
{
FromState = fromState;
Name = name;
ToState = toState;
OnTranslationCallback = onTranslationCallback;
}
}
#endregion
#region 状态控制方法
/// <summary>
/// 添加一个新状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">状态名称</param>
public void AddState(string name)
{
_translateStateDict[name] = new XYTranslationStateModel(name);
}
/// <summary>
/// 设定最开始的状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
public void StartState(string name)
{
State = name;
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加一种状态,和回调方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="state">状态名称</param>
/// <param name="callbackFunc">回调方法</param>
/// <param name="param">回调参数</param>
public void AddSimpleState(string state, XYCallbackFunc callbackFunc)
{
_simpleStateDict[state] = new XYSimpleStateModel(state, callbackFunc);
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加一种转换状态监听
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fromState">原来是那种状态</param>
/// <param name="name">转换行为名称</param>
/// <param name="toState">转换为那种状态</param>
/// <param name="callbackFunc">回调方法</param>
public void AddTranslateState(string fromState,string name,string toState, XYCallbackFunc callbackFunc)
{
_translateStateDict[fromState].TranslationDict[name] = new XYTranslateModel(fromState, name, toState, callbackFunc);
}
/// <summary>
/// 改变状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="state">状态名</param>
/// <param name="param">参数</param>
public void ChangeState(string state,params object[] param)
{
if (_simpleStateDict.ContainsKey(state) == false)
{
XYLog.LogError("未找到这个状态");
return;
}
XYSimpleStateModel simple = _simpleStateDict[state];
simple.CallbackFunc(param);
State = state;
}
/// <summary>
/// 通过传入事件名,自动转换状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">转换事件名称</param>
/// <param name="param">参数</param>
public void TranslateState(string name,params object[] param)
{
if (State != null)
{
XYLog.LogError("未赋值初始状态");
return;
}
if (_translateStateDict[State].TranslationDict.ContainsKey(name))
{
XYLog.LogError("未找到这个转换状态");
return;
}
XYTranslateModel tempTranslation = _translateStateDict[State].TranslationDict[name];
tempTranslation.OnTranslationCallback(param);
State = tempTranslation.ToState;
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 清理这个实例的存储
/// </summary>
public void Clear()
{
_translateStateDict.Clear();
}
}//class_end
}
效果

中间还搭配使用了一个Log库,感兴趣的可以一起看一下
仓库地址:https://github.com/Lafree317/XYFrameWork