React全家桶构建一款Web音乐App实战(二):字体图标制作及页面路由搭建

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上一节使用create-react-app脚手架搭建了基本项目骨架,这一节继续制作项目需要的字体图标和页面主路由的搭建

字体图标制作

为什么要使用字体图标?

  1. 图标放大或缩小不会被拉伸,会保持足够的清晰度
  2. 颜色可以随意设置。如果使用普通图片,图片颜色已经是设计好的,如果要换颜色需要借助工具来对图片进行修改

制作字体图片首先我们需要svg图片。svg图片可以从iconfont阿里矢量图标库自行选择。笔者已经下载了项目需要的svg图片

借助一个叫iconmoon的网站。浏览器地址上输入:icomoon.io/app

点击上方的Import Icons按钮弹出选择对话框,选择刚刚下载的svg图片

点击打开

然后选中所有的图标,点击Generate Font

跳转到如下界面,点击download

下载后面的压缩包如下

该压缩包包含了字体图片使用的demo,和生成的字体图标文件及相关样式。在项目src目录下面新建一个assets目录然后再新建一个stylus目录用来放置styl文件,解压压缩包把里面的style.cssfonts文件夹复制出来放置到stylus目录下。

对fonts目录下的文件和style.css稍做修改

将fonts下面的文件名都重命名为icomusic,将style.css重命名为font.styl。然后打开icomusic将里面的花括号和分号去掉变成标准的styl语法格式,把里面的iconmoon全部替换为icomusic

font.styl

@font-face
  font-family: 'icomusic'
  src:  url('fonts/icomusic.eot?nnepb1')
  src:  url('fonts/icomusic.eot?nnepb1#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
    url('fonts/icomusic.ttf?nnepb1') format('truetype'),
    url('fonts/icomusic.woff?nnepb1') format('woff'),
    url('fonts/icomusic.svg?nnepb1#icomusic') format('svg')
  font-weight: normal
  font-style: normal


[class^="icon-"], [class*=" icon-"]
  /* use !important to prevent issues with browser extensions that change fonts */
  font-family: 'icomusic' !important
  speak: none
  font-style: normal
  font-weight: normal
  font-variant: normal
  text-transform: none
  line-height: 1

  /* Better Font Rendering =========== */
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale


.icon-back:before
  content: "\e900"

.icon-delete:before
  content: "\e901"

.icon-fe-music:before
  content: "\e902"

.icon-list-play:before
  content: "\e903"

.icon-music:before
  content: "\e904"

.icon-next:before
  content: "\e905"

.icon-pause:before
  content: "\e906"

.icon-play:before
  content: "\e907"

.icon-play-list:before
  content: "\e908"

.icon-previous:before
  content: "\e909"

.icon-search:before
  content: "\e90a"

.icon-shuffle-play:before
  content: "\e90b"

.icon-single-play:before
  content: "\e90c"

.icon-user:before
  content: "\e90d"

修改后的文件结构如下

页面路由搭建

准备

先对项目结构做一些修改

删除App.test.jslogo.svg。在src目录下面新建一个components目录,将App.jsApp.styl放置在components目录下面,将App.styl中的内容全部删除,然后删除App.js中render函数中的div标签下面的内容

App.js

//import React, { Component } from 'react';
import React from 'react';
//import logo from './logo.svg'; 删除此行
import './App.styl';

class App extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      //<div className="App">
      <div className="app">
        //<header className="App-header">
        //  <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
        //  <h1 className="App-title">Welcome to React</h1>
        //</header>
        //<p className="App-intro">
        //  To get started, edit <code>src/App.js</code> and save to reload.
        //</p>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

Index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import './index.css';
//import App from './App';
import App from './components/App';
import registerServiceWorker from './registerServiceWorker';

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));
registerServiceWorker();

修改index.css文件,将htmlbodydiv#root宽高都设置为100%,在body上设置根字体和字体大小

index.css

html, body, #root {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
}

最后在stylus目录下新增reset.styl文件

reset.styl

/* http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/ 
   v2.0 | 20110126
   License: none (public domain)
*/

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, embed, 
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, 
menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video
	margin: 0
	padding: 0
	border: 0
	vertical-align: baseline

/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, 
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section
	display: block

body
	line-height: 1

ol, ul
	list-style: none

blockquote, q
	quotes: none

blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after
	content: ''
	content: none

table
	border-collapse: collapse
	border-spacing: 0

修改后的目录结构如下

搭建路由

我们先来看一下页面结构

推荐页

排行榜

搜索

这三个页面是一个Tab选项卡模式顶部是Logo,三个Tab按钮中间是Tab对应的视图,Logo和Tab按钮是不变的,所以这里中间就设计成一个路由的视图界面,三个Tab对应三个路由

编写Logo及Tab样式 在assets目录下面新建一个imgs文件夹用来存放图片,这里放了三张图片,其中一张就是头部Logo图片,其它两张后面会用到

App.js

import React from 'react';
import logo from "../assets/imgs/logo.png"
import '../assets/stylus/reset.styl'
import './App.styl';

class App extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div className="app">
        <header className="app-header">
          <img src={logo} className="app-logo" alt="logo" />
          <h1 className="app-title">Mango Music</h1>
        </header>
        <div className="music-tab">
          <div className="tab-item selected">
              <span>推荐</span>
          </div>
          <div className="tab-item">
              <span>排行榜</span>
          </div>
          <div className="tab-item">
              <span>搜索</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

App.styl

.app
  width: 100%
  height: 100%
  color: #DDDDDD
  background-color: #212121
  .app-header
    height: 55px
    line-height: 55px
    color: #FFD700
    text-align: center
    .app-logo
      width: 30px
      height: 25px
      margin-top: -5px
      vertical-align: middle
    .app-title
      display: inline-block
      height: 55px
      margin-left: 10px
      font-size: 18px
      font-weight: 300
  .music-tab
    display: flex
    height: 30px
    line-height: 30px
    color: #DDDDDD
    text-align: center
    .tab-item
      flex: 1

三个Tab采用flex布局,自适应屏幕宽度

编写推荐页、排行旁页、搜索页三个组件。在components目录下面新建recommendrankingsearch三个目录用来存放推荐、排行、搜索页面相关组件

在recommend目录下创建Recommend.js和recommend.styl。React约定组件的名字首字母大写。对应的js文件名和组件一样大写(不强制),组件对应一个样式文件,命名和组件名一样方便寻找

Recommend.js

import React from "react"
import "./recommend.styl"


class Recommend extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div className="music-recommend">
                Recommend
            </div>
        );
    }
}

export default Recommend

recommend.styl内容暂时为空

同样在ranking目录和search目录下新建Ranking.js、ranking.styl和Search.js、search.styl

Ranking.js

import React from "react"
import "./ranking.styl"


class Ranking extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div className="music-ranking">
                Ranking
            </div>
        );
    }
}

export default Ranking

Search.js

import React from "react"
import "./search.styl"


class Search extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div className="music-search">
                Search
            </div>
        );
    }
}

export default Search

编写路由

回到App.js中,import路由相关组件

import {BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Switch, Redirect, NavLink} from "react-router-dom"

在App组件中导入Recommend、Ranking和Search组件,App的根使用Router包裹,加入一个div包裹Route组件

import Recommend from "./recommend/Recommend"
import Ranking from "./ranking/Ranking"
import Search from "./search/Search"
<div className="music-view">
     {/*
       Switch组件用来选择最近的一个路由,否则最后一个没有指定path的路由也会显示
       Redirect重定向到列表页
     */}
     <Switch>
         <Route path="/recommend" component={Recommend} />
         <Route path="/ranking" component={Ranking} />
         <Route path="/search" component={Search} />
         <Redirect from="/" to="/recommend" />
         <Route component={Recommend} />
     </Switch>
</div>

在app.styl中增加以下样式填充屏幕剩余高度

.music-view
    position: fixed
    top: 88px
    left: 0
    bottom: 52px
    width: 100%

使用NavLink组件包裹Tab,使其具有路由跳转功能

<div className="tab-item">
    <NavLink to="/recommend" className="nav-link">
        <span>推荐</span>
    </NavLink>
</div>
<div className="tab-item">
    <NavLink to="/ranking" className="nav-link">
        <span>排行榜</span>
    </NavLink>
</div>
<div className="tab-item">
    <NavLink to="/search" className="nav-link">
        <span>搜索</span>
    </NavLink>
</div>

设置NavLink组件样式

.nav-link, .link
  display: block
  color: inherit
  text-decoration: none
  &.active
    color: #FFD700
    border-bottom: 2px solid #FFD700

NavList组件最后渲染的是一个a标签,使用以上样式对其进行美化,在当前NavLink组件被激活的时候会自动添加上active样式

App.js和app.styl完整代码如下

App.js

import React from 'react';
import {BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Switch, Redirect, NavLink} from "react-router-dom"
import Recommend from "./recommend/Recommend"
import Ranking from "./ranking/Ranking"
import Search from "./search/Search"

import logo from "../assets/imgs/logo.png"
import '../assets/stylus/reset.styl'
import './App.styl';

class App extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
        <Router>
          <div className="app">
            <header className="app-header">
              <img src={logo} className="app-logo" alt="logo" />
              <h1 className="app-title">Mango Music</h1>
            </header>
            <div className="music-tab">
                <div className="tab-item">
                    <NavLink to="/recommend" className="nav-link">
                        <span>推荐</span>
                    </NavLink>
                </div>
                <div className="tab-item">
                    <NavLink to="/ranking" className="nav-link">
                        <span>排行榜</span>
                    </NavLink>
                </div>
                <div className="tab-item">
                    <NavLink to="/search" className="nav-link">
                        <span>搜索</span>
                    </NavLink>
                </div>
            </div>
             <div className="music-view">
                 {/*
                   Switch组件用来选择最近的一个路由,否则最后一个没有指定path的路由也会显示
                   Redirect重定向到列表页
                 */}
                 <Switch>
                     <Route path="/recommend" component={Recommend} />
                     <Route path="/ranking" component={Ranking} />
                     <Route path="/search" component={Search} />
                     <Redirect from="/" to="/recommend" />
                     <Route component={Recommend} />
                 </Switch>
            </div>
          </div>
        </Router>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

app.styl

.app
  width: 100%
  height: 100%
  color: #DDDDDD
  background-color: #212121
  .app-header
    height: 55px
    line-height: 55px
    color: #FFD700
    text-align: center
    .app-logo
      width: 30px
      height: 25px
      margin-top: -5px
      vertical-align: middle
    .app-title
      display: inline-block
      height: 55px
      margin-left: 10px
      font-size: 18px
      font-weight: 300
  .music-tab
    display: flex
    height: 30px
    line-height: 30px
    color: #DDDDDD
    text-align: center
    .tab-item
      flex: 1
  .music-view
    position: fixed
    top: 88px
    left: 0
    bottom: 52px
    width: 100%

.nav-link, .link
  display: block
  color: inherit
  text-decoration: none
  &.active
    color: #FFD700
    border-bottom: 2px solid #FFD700

总结

在本章节讲解了如何制作字体图标,根据页面设计基本路由结构

完整项目地址:github.com/dxx/mango-m…

本章节代码在chapter2分支