fopen当指定模式”w”时，如果文件不存在则创建一个空文件；如果文件已经存在，则会丢弃其原来的文件内容，将该文件作为一个新的空文件来写。The new C standard (C2011, which is not part of C++) adds a new standard subspecifier ("x"), that can be appended to any "w" specifier (to form "wx", "wbx", "w+x" or "w+bx"/"wb+x"). This subspecifier forces the function to fail if the file exists, instead of overwriting it.
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